M.Sc. Part-I Prospectus
No. 2007125
& 2007
M.Sc.Part-II
sant
gadge baba AMRAVATI UNIVERSITY
(FACULTy OF SCIENCE)
PROSPECTUS
Of
Master
of Science Examination
Part-I
and Part-II, 2007
in
chemistry
2006
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BY
Dr.P.S.Narkhede
Registrar
Sant
Gadge Baba Amravati
University
Amravati-444602
© "No
part of this prospectus can be reprinted or published without specific
permission of Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University"
Sullabus prescribed for
M.Sc. I year (Chemistry)
The
curriculum development center programme was taken up by the U.G.C. unreadier to
promote excellence in Tecaching U.G. and P.G. level and a document was prepared
by distinguished academics of national level and was discussed by larger group.
As
per the report of curriculum development center of U.G.C. it is proposed to
have the following pattern for the Teaching and Examiantion at M.Sc. I & II
level. According to U.G.C. guide lines the expected working days for teaching
are 180 days or 30 weeks.
It is proposed to have four theory papers, in
addition to Lab courses at M.Sc.-I & II levels. Total teaching hours per
week will be 36 hours. The distribution shall be as under.
Theory : 4 Papers with 4
lectures per week = 16 lectures
(Hours)
Practical : 6 Lab sessions of 3 hours each = 18
hours.
Supplementary: For problem
solving = 2 hours.
teaching sessions,
seminars,
quizzes,
evaluation extra
attention and
coaching to
weaker students
etc.
Thus, total yearly work load is
of 1080 hours which is as per UGC recommendations.
Study
tour : Educational / Industrial tour
is compulsory for M.Sc.Part-I & Part-II students as below :
i) M.Sc.Part-I : Visit
to local industry.
ii) M.Sc.Part-II : Education
tour to visit the industry.
Syllabus prescribed for M.Sc.Part-I & II
There
shall be following papers and practicals for M.Sc.Part-I & II examination
and examinees will be required to pass in the written and practical examination
separately.
M.Sc.-I Examination
There shall be four compulsory papers in theory as stated below
and practical examination extending over not less than twenty four hours
(Inorganic 7-11 hours, Organic 6-8 hours, and physical 6-8 hours). Every
examinee shall offer the following four papers of the general standard of the
Practical Examinaion.:-
Paper-I Inorganic Chemistry 75
Marks
Paper-II Organic Chemistry 75
Marks
Paper-III Physical Chemistry 75
Marks
Paper-IV General Chemistry 75
Marks
The practical examination will be in the branches of Chemistry
stated above. The total marks allotted for practical examination 200 i.e. 70
marks for Inorganic, 65 marks each for Organic and Physical. The distribution
of marks of Practical examination will be as under.
N.B. :-
Experiments may be performed by microscale techniques.
Practical – I : (Inorganic
Chemistry)
1. Exercise 55 Marks
2. Record 10 Marks
3. Viva
Voce 05 Marks
----------------------------------------------------
Total 70 Marks
----------------------------------------------------
Practical
– II (Organic Chemistry) & Practical-III (Physical Chemistry) each.
1. Exercise 50 Marks
2. Record 10
Marks
3. Viva Voce 05 Marks
----------------------------------------------------
Total 65 Marks
----------------------------------------------------
M.Sc.-II Examination
i) Four
papers of 75 marks each.
ii) There
shall be two practicals at M.Sc.Part-II level i.e. practical-I is compulsory
for all which will be of 50 marks based on analytical techniques of duration 6
to 8 hours (one day). Practical-II is of 150 marks and will be based on
specialization (Physical, Organic, Inorganic, Industrial etc.) of duration
14-16 hours (two days.)
iii) Experiments
may be performed by microscale techniques.
M.Sc. I year.
Paper-I
Inorganic Chemistry
120 hrs (4 hrs/week), 24 hrs/unit 75
Marks
Unit-I
A) Stereochemistry and Bonding in Main Group
Compounds. 6
L
Short comings of VSEPR model. Bent rule and energetics of hybridization,
some simple reactions of covalently bonded molecules, d-orbital participation
by non metals.
B) Molecular orbital Theory: 6
L
Molecular orbital representation of
polyatomic molecules with special reference to C2H4, C2H6
and CO and delocalized molecular orbitals of Ozone, Carbon dioxide, Nitrite,
Nitrate and Benzene.
C) Metal clusters: 12
L
Boron hydrides: Classification, nomenclature, structure, bonding and topology of
boranes, 4-digit coding (s,t,y,x) numbers for B2H6, B4H10,
B5H9, B5H11 and B6H10 and their utilities.Acquaintance with
metalloboranes, Carboranes and Metallocarboranes. Metal clusters : Synthesis, reactivity and bonding, metal
carbonyl compounds with metal-metal multiple bonds, Isopoly and Hereropoly
acids.
Unit-II
A) Symmetry and Group theory 12
L
Symmetry elements and symmetry operations,
symmetry groups or point groups, Schoenflies symbols, point group
classification, matrix representation of symmetry operations, identification of
point groups (Cn/Cnv/Cnh/Dnh/Td, Oh etc), necessary conditions for any
set of elements to form a group, subgroups, classes in a group, representation
of groups. Character of a representation, reducible and irreducible
representations. The great
orthogonality theorem (without proof) and its importance. Derivation of character tables of C2V, C3V
. 4
L
B) Coordination Model for Non-aqueous solvent
behaviour. Inorganic reactions in the
following non-aqueous solvents: Dinitrogen tetroxide, anhydrous sulphuric
acid, bromine trifluoride and reaction in molten salts. 8
L
C) Metal-Ligand equilibria in solution.:
Stability of complex ions in solution.
Basic principles, Mathematical function and their interrelationship,
trends in stepwise constant, factors affecting the stability of metal complexes
with reference to the nature of metal ion and ligand, Statistical,
electrostatics, chelate effect and its Thermodynamic origin (DG,
DS, DH). Determination of binary formation constants
by spectrophotometric methods (Job’s and Mole ratio), Bjerrum’s PH metric method, Polarographic method and
Conductometric method.
Unit-III 16
L
A) Metal ligand Bonding: Limitation of
crystal field theory. Structural effects of orbital splitting, Jahn-Teller
effects and distortions in octahedral complexes. Thermodynamic effects.
Ligand field theory (LFT), Experimental evidences in support of metal
ligand orbital overlaps. Adjusted
crystal field theory (ACFT). Molecular
Orbital Theory: Ligand group orbitals,
Sigma and Pi-molecular orbitals, Qualitative treatment of MOT of Octahedral
Complexes with Sigma bonding and also with Sigma and Pi bonding. Qualitative MO diagrams and their
interpretation of octahedral, tetrahedral and square planer complexes with
example and electronic spectra of coodination complexes.
C) Magnetochemisty: 8
L
Concept of Magnetic susceptibility, types
of magnetic bodies, Temperature dependence of Paramagnetism, Highspin-lowspin
crossover, spin equillibria of complexes in solid and solutions. Anamolous magnetic moments. Spin orbit
coupling Magnetic exchange coupling (binuclear system).
Unit-IV
Reaction Mechanism of Transition Metal
complexes. 24
L
Reactivity of metal complexes, ligand
replacement reactions: classification of mechanisms and energy profile of a
reaction. Inert and labile complexes,
interpretation of lability and inertness of transition metal complexes on the
basis of VBT and CFT. Kinetics of
octahedral substitution, acid hydrolysis, factors affecting acid hydrolysis,
base hydrolysis, conjugate base mechanism, direct and indirect evidences in
favour of conjugate mechanism, anation reaction, reactions without metal ligand
bond cleavage. Substitution reaction in
square planer complexes: the trans effect, Trans effect theoris, mechanism of
the substitution reaction Redox reaction; electron transfer reactions,
mechanism of one electron transfer reactions, outer sphere reactions, tunnelling
effect, cross reaction, Marcus-Hush theory, inner sphere type reactions;
bridged activated mechanism. Photochemical reactions of Chromium and Ruthenium
complexes.
Unit -V 14
L
A) Metal Pi – Complexes:
Metal carbonyls: Structure and bonding, vibrational spectra of metal carbonyls
for bonding and structure elucidation, important reactions of metal
carbonyls. Metal nitrosyls:
Nitrosylating agents for synthesis of metal nitrosyls, vibrational spectra and
X-ray diffraction studies of transition metal nitrosyls for bonding and
structure elucidation, important reactions of transition, dinitrogen and
dioxygen complexes; Wilkinson’s catalyst and Vaska’s compound. Fluxional molecules 10 L
B) Synthesis, Structural
and bonding in Olefine Complexes, Allyl Complexes and Sandwich compounds. Organo metallic reagents in Organic
Synthesis and in homogeneous catalytic reactions (Hydrogenation,
Hydroformylation, Isomerisation and Polymerisation). Activation of small molecules by co-ordination. Organocopper in
Organic Synthesis. Transition metal Compounds with bonds to hydrogen.
List of Books:
01] S.F.A.Kettle,
J.N.Murrall and s.T.Teddler : Valency Theory
02] C.A.Coulson
: Valency
03] J.E.Huheey
: Inorganic Chemistry
04] F.A.Cotton
and G.Wilkinson : Advanced Inorganic Chemistry 3rd, 5th & 6th Editions.
05] A.F.Willims
: Theoreotical Approach in Inorganic Chemistry
06] A.Manas
Chandra : Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonding
07] L.E.Orgel
: An Introduction to transition metal Chemistry, Ligand field Theory 2nd Ed.
08] J.J.Logowski
: Modern Inorganic Chemistry
09] Durrant
and Durrant : Advanced Inorganic Chemistry
10] J.C.Bailar
: Chemistry of Co-ordination compounds.
11] W.L.Jolly
: Modern Inorganic Chemistry
12] R.S.Drago
: Physical Methods in Inorganic Chemistry
13] Waddington
: Non-aqueous solvents systems.
14] Sisler :
Chemistry of Non-aqueous solvents.
15] A.K.Barnard
: Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry
16] Emeleus
& Sharpe : Modern aspects of Inorganic Chemistry
17] F.A.Cotton
: Chemical Applications of Group Theory
18] Jones :
Elementary Co-ordination Chemistry
19] B.N.Figgis
: Introduction to Ligand Field
20] S.F.A.Kettle
: Co-ordination Chemistry
21] Day and
Selbin : Theoretical Inorganic Chemstry
22] J.Lewin
and Wilkins : Modern Co-ordination Chemistry’
23] Gowarikar,
Vishwanathan & Sheedar : Polymer Science
24] H.H.Jattey
and M.Orchin : Symmetry in Chemistry
25] Purcell
and Kotz : Inorganic Chemistry
26] D.Schonaland
: Molecular Symmetry in Chemistry
27] L.H.Hall
: Group Theory and Symmetry in Chemistry
28] D.Banerjea
: Coordination Chemistry Tata Mc.Graw Publication
29] A.F.Wells
: Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Vth edition Oxford
30] S.G.Davies
: Organotransition Metal Chemistry Application to Organic Synthesis.
31] R.C.Mehrotra
: Organometallic Chemistry, Tata Mc Graw Publication Hill.
32] G.S.Manku
: Theoretical Principles of Inorganic Chemistry.
33] A.B.P.Lever
: Inorganic Electronic Spectroscopy
34] Dutta and
Symal : Elements of Magnetochemistry.
35] Synthesis
and Chacterisation of some novel nitrosyls compounds, R.C.Maurya, Pioneer
Publication Jabalpur, 2000.
36] The
Organometallic Chemistry of the T metals, R.H. Crabtree, John Wiley.
37] Electronic
Absorption Spectroscopy and Related Techniques.-D.N.Satyanarayan, University
Press.
38] Bio-Inorganic
Chemistry : Inorganic Elements in the Chemistry of Life - Wolfgang Kaim and
B.Schwe dersky, John Willey.
39] Chemistry
of Advanced Materials An overview- L.V. Internate & M.J.Hompden -Smith
Willey UCH.
40] Organometallics
I & II complexes with transition metal-carbon
bonds -Manfred Bochmann-oxford press.
41] Advanced
Inorganic Chemistry Vol.I & II - Satya Prakash, Tuli, Basu and
Madan-S.Chand".
M.Sc. I
Practical Inorganic Chemistry
Practical Workload 6Hours/Week
Duration: 7-11
Hrs
70 Marks
I) Preparation of
inorganic compounds and their characterization by elemental analysis, MW
determination, decomposition temperatures and molar conductance studies.
(Minimum 6)
1. [VO (acac)2] (acac=acetyl acetone)
2. cisK [Cr(C2O4)2(H20)2]
3. Na [Cr(NH3)2(SCN)4]
4. Mn (acac)3
5. K3 [Fe(C2O4)3]
6. Hg [Co (SCN)4]
7. [Co (Py)2
Cl2]
8. TiO(C9H8NO)2 (H2O)2
9. cis[Co(trine)(NO2)2]Cl
H2O
10. [Cu2{CH3COO)4(H2O)2]
11. K3[Al(C2O4)3]
(H2O)3
II) A) Quantitative Analysis of mixture of two
cations:
Quantitative
analysis of binary mixture of cations involving their chemical separation and
separate analysis of one cation by gravimetry and another by volumetric or
colorimetric. Certain model examples
are given below;
i) Copper (II) and Nickel (II)
ii) Copper (II) and Zinc (II)
iii) Nickel (II) – Zinc (II)
iv) Copper (II) – Iron (III)
B) Analysis of Lime
Stone and Dolomite
III) Qualitative analysis
of Radicals
Qualitative
analysis of inorganic mixture for a total of five radicals including
interfering radicals (not more than one such radical in a mixture), rare earth
(not more than two rare earth in a mixture) and combination of cations (minimum
8 mixtures).
Cations: Mercury
(I,II), Pb, Ag, Bi (III), Cu (II), Cd
(II), As (IV,V), Sb (IV,V), Sn (II,IV), Fe (III), Al (III), Cr (III), Ni(II), Co(II) Mn(II), Zn(II), Barium,
Strontium, Calcium and Magnesium.
Interfering
radicals: Phosphate, Oxalate, Fluoride and Borate.
Rare Earth : Tl,
MO, W, Se, Ti, Zr, Th, V, U, Ce.
List of Books for Practical :
1) Synthesis and characterization of Inorganic
Compounds,
W.L.Jolly, Prentice Hall.
2) Inorganic Experiments, J.Derck Woollins,
VCH.
3) Practical Inorganic Chemistry, G.Marrand,
B.W. Rockett, Van Nostrand.
4) A.I.Vogel, A Text Book of Quantitative
Inorganic Analysis.
5) F.Laschka : EDTA Titrations.
6) Willard, Merit and Dean, Instrmental
Method of Analysis.
7) King : Inorganic Systhesis
8) Yelri Lalikov : Instrumental Methods of
Chemical Analysis.
Distribution of Marks
1. Exercise I (Estimation) - 30
2. Qualitative analysis - 15
3. Preparation and analysis of Complex - 10
4. Practical Records - 10
5. Viva-Voce - 05
—————————————————————————————-
Total - 70
—————————————————————————————
Paper-II
Organic Chemistry
120 Hours (4-Hours/week) 75 Marks 24
Hours/Unit
Unit-I: A) Nature
of Bonding in Organic Molecule : 24
L
Delocalized chemical
bonding, conjugation, cross conjugation, resonance, hyper conjugation, bonding
in fullerenes, tautomerism.
Aromaticity in benzenoid and non-benzenoid compounds, alternant
and non alternant hydrocarbons, Huckel’s rule, energy level of pi-molecular
orbitals, annulenes, anti aromaticity si-aromaticity, homo aromaticity,
Aromatic Character and Chemistry of
cyclopentadiens anion tropilium cation, tropene and tropotene.
B) Stereochemistry :
Conformational
analysis of Cycloalkanes (5-8 membered rings) decalines, effect of conformation
on reactivity, steric strain due to unavoidable crowding.
Elements of
symmetry, chirality, molecules with more than one chiral center, threo and
erythro isomers, methods of resolution, optical purity, enantiotopic and
distereotopic atoms, groups and faces, stereospecific and stereoselective
synthesis. Asymmetrical synthesis. Optical activity in absence of chiral carbon
(biphenyl, allenes and spiranes)
Stereochemistry of the compounds containing N, P and Sulphur.
Unit-II: A) Reaction
Mechanism : Structure and Reactivity. 24L
Types of
mechanism, types of reactions, thermodynamics and kinetics requirements,
kinetic and thermodynamic control, Hammond’s postulate, Curtin-Hammett
principle, Potential energy diagrams,
transition states and intermediates, methods of determining mechanisms, isotope
effects.
Efect of
structure on reactivity – Resonance and field effects, steric effect,
quantitative treatment. The Hammett equation and linear free energy
relationship, substituent and reaction constants, Taft equation.
C) Reactive Intermediates –
Classical
and non-classical carbocations, carbanions, radical anions and radical cations,
carbenes, arynes ad nitrenes. General methods of generation, detection and
reactivity of these intermediates. Singlet oxygen, its generation and reactions
with organic substrates.
UNIT-III: A) Aliphatic Nucleophilic Substitution. 24L
The SN2, SN1, mixed SN1
and SN2 and SET and SNI mechanisms. Nucleophilicity,
effect of leaving group, ambient nucleophiles and ambient substrates
regiospecificity. The neighbouring group participation mechanism. Substitution
at allylic and vinylic carbon atoms. Dehydration using DCC, Meyllers synthesis
of aldehydes ketones and acids.
B) Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution :
A general
introduction to different mechanisms of aromatic nucleophilic substitution
SNAr, SN1, benzene and SRN1 mechanisms. Reactivity – effect of substrate
structure, leaving group and attacking nucleophile. The Von Richter,
Sommlet-Hauser and Smiles rearrangements.
C) Elimination Reactions :
The E1,
E2 and E1cB mechanisms. Orientation of the double bond. Saytzeff and Hoffmann’s
rule. Effect of substrate structure, attacking base, leaving group and medium.
Pyrolytic elimination mechanism and orientation. Cleavage of quaternary
ammonium salts, conversion of vicinal dihalides and nitro compounds to alkenes.
UNIT-IV A)
Aromatic Electrophillic Substitution. 24L
The arenium ion mechanism,
orientation and reactivity, energy profile diagrams. The o/p ratio, ipso
attack, orientation in benzene ring with more than one substituent, orientation
in other ring system. Diazonium coupling, Vilsmeir reaction, Gattermann-Koch
reaction, Pechmann reaction. Houben-Hoesch reaction.
B) Addition
to carbon-carbon Multiple Bond
Mechanistic and stereochemical
aspects of addition reactions involving electrophiles, nucleophiles and free
radicals, region and chemo selectivity. Orientation and stereochemistry.
Addition to cyclopropanes, Hydrogenation of double and triple bonds.
Hydrogenation of aromatic rings, Hydroboration, Michel reaction.
C) Addition
to Carbon-Heteroatom multiple Bonds.
Mannich reaction, Lithium-Aluminium
Hydride reductions of carbonyl compounds, nitriles Reformatsky reaction, Aldol
condensation, Knovenagel reaction, Perkin, Wittig, Stobbe reaction. Hydrolysis
of esters and amide, ammonolysis of esters.
UNIT-V
: A) Free Radical Reactions : 24L
Types of
Free radical reactions, free radical substitution mechanism at an aromatic
substrate, aliphatic substrate, reactivity at a bridgehead positions.
Neighboring group assistance. Reactivity for aliphatic and aromatic substrates,
reactivity in attacking radicals, effect of solvent on reactivity.
Halogenation at an alkyl carbon,
allylic carbon, hydroxylation at aromatic carbon by means of Fenton’s reagent.
Oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids. Chlorosulphonation (Reed reaction)
Coupling of alkynes and arylation of aromatic compounds by diazonium salts.
Sand Meyer reaction, Free radical rearrangement, Hunsdiecker reaction.
B) Mechanism
of Molecular Rearrangements :
Classification and General mechanistic treatment of
electrophilic, nucleophilic and free
radical molecular rearrangements. Mechanism of the following
rearrangements – Wagner-Meerwin, Pinacol-Pinacolone, Tiffenev-Demjnov ring
expansion, Favorski, Wolff, Fristsch-Butenbeg-Wichel, Curtis, Lossen, Beckmann,
Hoffmann, Schimidt rearrangements.
M.Sc.Part-I
Practical-II
Organic Chemistry Practical.
Practical Work Load Practical
Work Load
Total Hours : 180 Hours. 6
Hours/week
Time : 6 to 8 Hours Marks
: 65
UNIT-I :Qualitative Analysis. :
Separation,
purification and identification of the componenets of binary organic mixture
(liquid-liquid; liquid-solid and solid-solid) using chemical analysis (minimum
10-12 mixtures)
UNIT-II :Organic
Synthesis :
Student is expected to carry out minimum of
8-10 organic preparation (involving two steps) from the following list.
1) Preparation of Benzanilide from Benzophenone.
2) Preparation of p-nitroaniline from Acetanilide.
3) Preparation of p-Bromoaniline from Acetanilide.
4) Preparation of m-Nitroaniline from Nitrobenzene
5) Preparation of p-Chlorotoluene from p-Toluidine.
6) Preparation of p-nitrobenzonic acid from p-Nitrotoluene.
7) Cannizzaro’s reaction with 4-Chlorobenzaldehyde as a
substrate.
8) Preparation of 2-Phenylindole (Fischer-Indole synthesis)
9) Claisen - Schmidt
: Dibenzal acetone from benzaldehyde.
10) Preparation of Anthranilic acid (Hoffman’s bromamide
reaction)
11) Diels-Alder reaction : Anthracene + Maleic anhydride.
12) Methyl-organe from Sulphanilic acid.
13) Hydroquinone to 2,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone.
14) Chlorobenzene to 2, 4 – Dinitrophenylhydrazine.
15) Nitrobenzene to p-Aminophenol.
UNIT-III Quantitative Analysis :-
Student is expected to carry out following
estimations (Minimums 6 estimations.)
1) Estimation of
Vitamin “C” Idometricaly.
2) Estimation of
Phenol by KBrO3-KBr
3) Estimation of
Amines by Bromate / Bromide solution.
4) Estimation of Formaldehyde Iodometricaly.
5) Estimation of Glucose by Benedict’s solution.
6) Estimation of
given carbonyl compound by hydrazone formation.
7) Estimation of
Aldehyde by Oxidation method.
8) Determination of
the percentage of number of hydroxyl group in
an organic compound by acetylation method.
Organic Practical
Distribution of Marks :
UNIT-I 15
Marks
UNIT-II 20
Marks
UNIT-III 15
Marks
Practical Record 10
Marks
Viva voce 05
Marks
—————————————————
Total : 65 Marks
—————————————————
Paper-III
Physical Chemistry
120 Hours (4-Hours/week) 75 Marks 24
Hours/Unit
UNIT-I Quantum Chemistry :
A) Discussion of solutions of Schrodinger
equation to some model systems viz., particles in a three dimensional box, the
harmonic oscilltor, the rigid rotor. The variation theorem, linear variation
principle. Perturbation theory (first order & non degenerate). Application
of variation method & perturbation theory to the Helium atom. 6L
B) Ordinary angular momentum, generalized angular
momentum, eigen functions for angular momentum, eigen value of angular
momentum, operator using ladder operators, addition of angular momenta, spin,
antisymmetry & Pauli exclusion principle. Russell-Saunders terms and
coupling schemes, Slater-Condon parameters, spin-orbint coupling and Zeeman
splitting. 8L
C) Molecular Orbital Theory : Basic
ideas-criteria for forming M.O. from A.O. constructuion of M.O’s. by LCAO-H2+ ion, calculation of energy level from wave
functions, physical picture of bonding, antibonding wave functions, concept
of orbitals and their characteristics.
Hybrid orbitals-sp, sp2, sp3, calculation of coefficient of A O’s used in these Hybrid
Orbitals. Hucklel theory of conjugated systems, bond order & charge density
calculations. Applications to ethylene, butadiene, cyclopropenyl radical, cyclo
butadiene. 10L
UNIT-II :
Thermodynamics :
A) Classical Thermodynamics : Partial molar
properties, Partial molar free energy, Chemical Potential, Partial molar volume
and Partial molar heat content and their significances. Determination of these
quantities. Concept of fugacity and determination of fugacity.
Non-ideal systems : Excess functions of
non-ideal solutions. Activity, activity coefficients, Debye-Huckel theory for
activity coefficient of electrolytic solutions; Determination of activity &
activity coefficients; ionic strength. Application of phase rule to three componenet
systems; second order phase transitions. 8L
B) Non
Equilibrium Thermodynamic : Thermodynamic criteria for non-equillibrium
states, entropy production and entropy flow for different irreversible
processes (e.g. heat flow, chemical reaction, coupled reactions,
electrochemical reactions). Transformations of the generalized fluxes and
forces, phenomenological equations, microscopic reversibility and Onsager’s
reciprocity relations, electrokinetic phenomena. 6L
C) Statistical Thermodynamics : Concept of
Distribution Thermodynamic Probability and most probable distribution.
Ensemable averaging, postulates of ensemble averaging. Canonical, grand
canonical and microcanonical ensembles, corresponding distribution laws (using
Lagrange’s method of undetermined multipliers).
Partition function – Translational,
rotational, vibrational and electronic partition functions, calculation of
thermodynamic properties in terms of partition functions. Applications of
partition functions. 10L
UNIT-III: Chemical Dynamics :
A) Theories of reaction rates : Collision theory
of raction rates, steric factor, Activated complex theory, ionic reactions,
kinetic salt effects, Dynamics molecular motions, probing of transition state,
dynamics of barrierless chemical reactions in solutions. Dynamics of
unimolecular reactions (Lindeman-Hinshelwood and RRKM theories). 10L
B) Compelx Reaction : (hydrogen-bromine thermal
reaction), photochemical reactions (hydrogen-bromine and Hydrogen-chlorine
reactions), oscillatory reactions (Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction), homogeneous
catalysis, kinetics of enzyme reactions. 8L
C) Fast reactions : General features of fast
reactions, Stopped flow method, relaxation method, nuclear magnetic resonance
method, flash photolysis. 6L
UNIT-IV :
Surface Chemistry :
A) Adsorption : Freundlich adsorption isotherm,
Langmuir adsorption isotherm, Gibbs adsorption isoherms, estimation of surface
area (BET equation), surface films on liquids (Electro-kinetic phenomenon),
catalytic activity at surfaces. 8L
B) Micelles : Surface active agents,
classification of Surface active agents, micellization, hydrophobic
interaction, critical micellar concentration (CMC), factors affecting the CMC
of surfactants, counter ion binding to micelles, thermodynamics of micellization-phase
separation & mass models, solubilization, micro emulsion, reverse micelles.
8L
C) Macromolecules : Polymer-defination, types of
polymers, electrically conducting, fire resistant, liquid crystal polymers,
kinetics of polymerization, mechanism of polymerization. Molecular mass, number
& mass average molecular mass, molecular mass determination (Osmometry,
Viscometry, Sedimentation and light scattering methods) chain configuration of
macromolecules, calculation of average dimensions of various chain structures,
Evaluation of extent of hydration of biopolymers. 8L
UNIT-V :
Electrochemistry :
A) Electrochemistry of solutions :
Debye-Huckel-Onsager treatment and its extension, ion solvent
interactions. Thermodynamics of
electrified interface equations. Derivation of elecro-capillarity, Lippmann
equations (surface excess) methods of determination. Structure of electrified
interfaces. Guoy-Chapman, Stern, Over potentials, exchange current density,
derivation of Butler-Volumer equation, Tafel plot. Quantum aspects of charge
transfer at electrodes-solution interfaces, quantization of charge transfer,
tunneling. 10L
B) Semiconductor Interfaces : Theory of double
layer at semiconductor, elecrolyte solution interfaces, structure of double
layer interfaces. Effect of light at semiconductor solution interface. 6L
C) Electrocatalysis : Influence of various
parameters. Hydrogen electrode.
Bioelectrochemistry, threshould membrane phenomena, Nernst-Planck equation,
core conductor models, electrocardiography. Polarography theory, Ilkovic
equation; half wave potential and its significance. Introduction to corrosion,
homogenous theory, forms of corrosion, corrosion monitoring and prevention
methods. 8L
List of Books :
1] Physical
Chemistry, P.W.Atkins, 6th Edition, ELBS.
2] Introduction
to Quantum Chemistry, A.K.Chandra, Tata McGraw Hill, 1989.
3] Quantum
Chemistry, Ira N., Levine, Prentice Hall, 1995.
4] Modern Quantum Chemistry, A Szabo and N.S. Ostlund,
McGraw Hill, 1989.
5] Molecular
Quantum Mechanics, Vol. I & II, P.W. Atkins, Oxford University Press,1970.
6] Statistical
Thermodynamics, T.L. Hill, Addison Wesley, 1960.
7] Chemical
Thermodynamics, F.T.Wall, W.H. Freeman and Co., 1965.
8] Irreversible
Thermodynamics Theory and Applications, K.S. Forland, T.Forland, S.K.Ratje,
John Wiley, 1988.
9] Chemical Kinetics, K.J. Laidler, 3rd Edition, Harper and Row, 1987.
10] Chemical
Kinetics, A Study of reaction rates in solution, K.A.Conors, V.C.H.
Publications, 1990.
11] Chemical
Kinetics and Dynamics, J.I.Steinfeld, J.S.Francisco and W.I.Hase, Prentice
Hall, 1989.
12] Kinetics
and Mechanism of Chemical Transformation, J.Rajaraman and J.Kuriacose,
McMillan.
13] Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Chemical
Reactivity, R.D.Levine and R.B. Bernstein, Oxford University Press, 1987.
14] Adsorption
and catalysis by solids, D.K.Chakrabarty, Wiley Eastern, 1990.
15] The
theory of adsorption and catalysis, A. Clark, Academic Press, 1970.
16] Micelles,
Theoretical and Applied Aspects, V.Moroi, Plenum.
17] Introduction
to Polymer Science, V.R.Gowarikar, N.V.Vishwanathan & J.Sridhar, Wiley
Eastern.
18] Polymer
Science and Material, Tobolsky, Wiley Interscience, 1972.
19] Polymer
Science, F.Billemeyer, Wiley, 1970.
20] 2000
Solved problems, Clyder, Metz.
21] Modern
Electrochemistry, Vol.1 & Vol.2 J.O.M. Bockris & A.K.N. Reddy, Plenum.
22] Theoretical
Electrochemistry, D.I.Antropov, Mir Publishers, 1972.
23] Electrochemistry,
J.Dvorak, J.Koryta, V.Bohackova, Methuen & Co. Ltd.
24] Physical
Chemistry – Alberty & Silby, John Wiley.
25] Physical
Chemistry – A molecular approach, D. Mcquiarrie and Johnsiman, Viva
Publication, New Delhi.
26] Essentials
of Quantum Chemistry – Anant Raman, National Book Trust.
M.Sc.-I
Practical-III
(Physical)
Practical Workload 6 Hours/Week
Duration : 6 Hrs. Marks
: 65
Part-A : Use of Computer Programmes 10 Terms of Practical.
Treatment of
Experimental data, Execution of linear regression, X-Y plot, programmes with
data preferably from physical chemistry laboratory. Numerical integration and
differentiation as well as differential equation solution programmes. Monte
Carlo and method of least square. Students will operate two packages I) word
processing software MS-WORD, & II) spread sheet software MS-Excel.
Part-B : Error Analysis and
Statistical Data Analysis.
Error, types
of errors, minimization of errors, error distribution curves, precision,
accuracy, and combination; statistical treatment for error analysis, student
‘t’ test, null hypothesis, rejection criteria, F & Q test.
A list of
experiments under different headings is given below. Students are required to
perform all experiments.
Adsorption :
1) To study the surface tension-concentration
relationship for solution (Gibbs Equation)
Phase Equillibria :
1] Determination
of congruent composistion and temperature of a binary system
(Diphenylamine-benzophenone)
2] Determination
of transition temperature of a given hydrated salt (CaCl2
4H2O) conductometrically.
3] To
construct the phase diagram for three component system (CHCl3 – Acetic acid – Water)
Chemical Kinetics :
1] Determination
of effect of (a) Change of temperature (b) Change of Concentration of reactant and catalyst and (c) Ionic strength of
the media on the rate constant of hydrolysis of ester / ionic reactions.
2] Determination
of rate constant of hydrolysis of an ester / ionic reaction in micellar media.
3] Determination
of rate constant for the oxidation of iodide ions by hydrogen peroxide studying
the kinetics as an iodine clock reaction.
4] Flowing
clock reaction.
5] Determination
of the primary salt effect on the kinetics of ionic reactions and testing of
the Bonsted relationship (Iodide ion is oxidized by persulphate ion)
6] Oscillatory
reaction.
Solutions :
1] Determination
of molecular weight of non-volatile and non-electrolyte / electrolyte by
cryoscopic method and to determine the
activity coefficient of an electrolyte.
2] Determination
of degree of dissociation of weak electrolyte and to study the deviation from
ideal behavior that occurs with a strong electrolyte.
Electrochemistry :
A) Conductometry :
1] Determination
of rate constant, order of reaction and energy of activation for
saffonification of ethyl acetate by
sodium hydroxide conductometrically.
2] Determination
of solubility and solubility product of sparingly soluble salts (PbSO4,
BaSO4) conductometrically.
3] Determination
of the strength of strong and weak acid in given mixture conductometrically.
4] To study
the effect of solvent on the conductance of AgNO3 / Acetic acid and to determine degree of dissociation and
equilibrium constant in different solvents and in their mixtures (DMSO, DMF,
Dioxane, Acetone, Water) and to test the validity of Debye-Huckel-Onsager
theory.
5] Determination
of the activity coefficient of Zinc ions in the solution of 0.002 M Zinc
Sulfate using Debye-Huckel’s limiting
law.
B) Potentiometry / pH metry :
1] Determination
of strength of halides in a mixture potentiometrically.
2] Determination
of the valency of the mercurus ion potentiometrically.
3] Determination
of strength of strong and weak electrolyte in a given mixture using a
potentiometer / pH meter.
4] Determination
of temperature dependence of EMF of a cell.
5] Determination
of the formation constant of Silver-Ammonia complex and stoichiometry of the
complex potentiometrically.
6] Acid-Base
titration in a non-aqueous media potentiometrically. (Determination of
dissociation constant of acetic acid in DMSO, DMF, Acetone and Dioxane by
titrating it with KOH).
7] Determination
of activity and activity coefficient of electrolytes.
8] Determination
of the dissociation constant of monobasic / dibasic acid by Albert-Serjeant
method.
9] Determination
of thermodynamic constants and for the reaction by EMF method.
Zn + H2SO4 Zn SO4 + H2
Polarimetruy
1) Determination
of rate constant for hydrolysis / inversion of cane sugar using a polarimeter.
2) Enzyme
kinetics-inversion of sugar.
Distribution of Marks.
1] Exercise
on Part-A 10 Marks
2] Exercise
on Part-B 40 Marks
3] Practical
Record 10 Marks
4] Viva
voce 05
Marks
—————————————————————————
Total 65 Marks
—————————————————————————
Books Suggested :
1] Findley’s
Practical Physical Chemistry, B.P.Levitt, Longman.
2] Practical
Physical Chemistry, A.M.James and F.E.Prichanrd, Longman.
3] Experimental
Physical Chemistry, R.C.Das and B.Behra, Tata McGraw Hill.
4] Advanced
Physical Chemistry Experiments, Gurtu-Gurtu, Pragati Prakashan.
5] Experimental
Physical Chemistry, V.D.Athawale and Parul Mathur, New Age International.
6] Advanced
Practical Physical Chemistry, J.B.Yadao, Goel Pub.Hosue.
7] Experiments
in Physical Chemistry, Dr.D.V.Jahagirdar.
8] Systematic
Experimental Physical Chemistry, Dr.T.K.Chondhekar & S.W.Rajbhoj
9] Experiments
in Physical Chemistry, D.P.Shoemaker.
M.Sc.I
(Paper-IV) General Chemistry
120 hrs (4-hrs/week) , 24 hrs/Unit 75
Marks
Unit – I 12
L
A) Role of analytical chemistry: classification
of analytical methods – classical and instrumental. Types of instrumental analysis.
Selecting an analytical method.
Laboratory operations and practices.
Analytical balances (Semimicro and Micro balance) and their use in
analytical chemistry. Techniques of
weighing and errors. Volumetric glassware – cleaning and calibration of
glassware. Methods of sampling, Problems associated with sampling. Techniques of sampling of liquids, solids
and particulates. Stoichiometric calculations
based on gravimetry and titrimetry analysis of commercial samples. Transmission
and storage of samples. Effects of
sampling uncertainties samplers responsibility, sampling hazards. 12
L
B) Statistical Analysis: (Emphasis should
be placed on numerical problems)
Collection, treatment and presentation of analytical data. True, standard and observed value. Definition of terms in mean and median. Errors in Chemical analysis, classification
of errors, nature and origin of errors.
Accuracy and precision. Average
deviation and standard deviation and its physical significance. Normal Distribution curve and its
properties. Co-efficient of variation.
Confidence limit and probability. Probability theorem, Probability curves,
Comparison of analytical results. Tests
for rejection of data. T-Test, F-test
and Q-Test. Significant figures and
computation rules. Least squares method
for deriving calibration graph. Curve fitting, Correlation co-efficient. Limit of detection. Regression analysis and Statistical analysis
of Chemical analysis.
Unit – II
Modern methods of
separation: 8
L
A. Chromatography : General principles,
Classification, Partition Chromatography, Adsorption Chromatography. Principles, Techniques and applications of
Paper, Thin-layer, Column, HPLC, Gas
Chromatography and Electro Chromatography. 8
L
B. Ion-Exchange : Cation and Anion
exchangers, Action of ion exchage resins.
Ion-exchange equilibria and ion exchange capacity. Strongly and weakly acidic cation
exchangers. Strongly and weakly basic
anion exchangers. Liquid ion
exchangers, chelating ion exchangers, techniques of ion exchange and
applications in analytical Chemistry.
Separation using solvent mixtures. 8
L
C. Solvent Extraction: Basic principles,
Significance of various terms.
Classification, Factors favouring solvent extraction, Extraction
equilibria. Synergetic effects,
ion-pair extraction, salting out effect and stripping. Techniques of extraction by high molecular
weight amines i.e. crown ethers, cryptands and calixarenes.
Unit - III
Optical Methods: 12
L
A. Spectrophotometry and Colorimetry. : Interaction
of radiations with matter, Fundamental laws of Spectrophotometry. Beer – Lambert’s law and its
limitations. Varification of Beer’s law
and deviation from Beer’s law. Choice
of solvent. Ringbom’s plot. Photometric titrations. Pk
value of indicator. Outline of
construction and working of the UV-Visible spectrophotometers. (Single and double beam). Applications of quantitative and
qualitative analysis, Problems. Theory,
instrumentation and applications of fluorimetry, turbidimetry and Nephelometry.
B. Flame Emission and atomic spectrometry: 12
L
Flame photometry : Elementary theory of
flame photometry, instrumentation and experimental techniques. Interferences, analytical techniques and
applications. Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry (AAS): Introduction, Principle, Advantages of AAS over FES,
Instrumentation, Flame atomization.
Hollow cathod lamps,
interferences and applications.
UNIT-IV
Environmental
Chemistry: 14
L
A. Water
pollution: Origin of waste
water, types, water pollutants and their effects. Sources of water pollution, domestic, industrial, agricultural
soil and radioactive wastes as sources of pollution. Objectives of analysis, parameter for analysis colour, turbidity,
total solids, conductivity, acidity, alkalinity, hardness, chloride, sulphate,
Fluoride, Silica, Phosphates and different forms of nitrogen. Heavy metal pollution, public health
significance of Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Zinc, Lead, Manganese, Mercury and
Arsenic. General survey of instrumental
technique for the analysis of heavy metals in aqueous systems. Oxygen content
of water and aquatic life. Measurements
of DO, BOD, COD and their significance as pollution indicators. Pesticides as water pollutants and analysis. 10 L
B. AIR POLLUTION: Green house effect, Sources of air pollution, air quality
standards and sampling. Analysis of air
pollutants (CO, NOX, SOx and
Hydrocarbons and particulates) Acid rain, Effects of air pollution,
Photochemical smog and air pollution control.
UNIT-V:
A) Cell Structure and Functions: 8
L
Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells, intracellular organelles and their comparison. Origin of life-unique
properties of carbon, chemical evolution and rise of living systems. Introduction of biomolecular, building
blocks of bio-macromolecules proteins,
enzymes, DNA and RNA). Helix coil
transition. 6
L
B) Structure
and biological functions of glucosaminoglycans or mucopolysaccharides. Carbohydrates of glycoproteins and
glycolipids. Roll of sugars in
biological recognition. Blood group
substances. Ascorbic acid [Carbohydrate metabolism- Kreb’s cycle, glycolysis,
glycogenesis and glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphates pathway].
C. Amino-acids, Peptides and Proteins 5
L
Chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of
proteins to peptides, amino acid sequencing.
Secondary structure of proteins, forces responsible for holding of
secondary structures, a-helix, b-sheets, super secondary structure, triple
helix structure of collagen. Tertiary
structure of protein-folding and domain structure. Quaternary structure.
Amino acid metabolism – degradation and
biosynthesis of amino acids, sequence determination. Chemical/enzymatic/mass spectral, recemization/detection.
D. Nucleic Acids. 5
L
Purine and pyrimidine
bases of nucleic acids, base pairing via H-bonding. Structure of ribonucleic acids (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic Acids
(DNA), double helix model of DNA and forces responsible for holding it. Chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of nucleic
acids. The chemical basis for heredity,
an overview of replication of DNA, transcription, translation and genetic code.
Books suggested.
1. Text
book of Biochemistry, E.S.West; W.R.Todd; H.S.Mason, J.T.V.Bruggen oxford &
IBH publishing co. pvt. Ltd.
2. Principles
of Biochemistry, A.L.Lehniger, Worth Publishers.
3. Biochemistry,
J.David Rawn, Neil Patterson.
4. Biochemistry,
L.Stryer, W.H.Freeman
5. Biochemistry,
Vote and Voet, John Wiley.
6. Outlines
of Biochemistry, E.E.Conn and P.K.Stmpf, John Wiley.
7. Environmental
Chemistry, S.E.Manahan, Lewis Publishers.
8. Environmental
Chemistry, Sharma & Kaur, Krishna Publishers.
9. Environmental
Chemistry, A.K.De, Wiley Eastern.
10. Environmental
Pollution Analysis, S.M.Khopkar, Wiley Eastern.
11. Environmental
Toxicology, Ed. J.Rose, Gordon and Breach Science Publication.
12. Elemental
Analysis of Airborne Particles, Ed. S.Landberger and M.Creatchman, Gordon and
breach Science Publication.
13. Atmospheric
Pollution, W.Buch, McGraw Hill, New York.
14. Fundamentals
of Air Pollution, S.J.Williamson, Addison – Wesley Publishers.
15. Analytical
Aspect of Environmental Chemistry, D.F.S. Natusch and P.K.Hopke, John Wiley
& Sons. New York.
16. Analytical
Chemistry – Problems and Solution – S.M.Khopkar, New Age International
Publication.
17. Day &
Underwood : Quantitative Analysis (Prentice Hall India Limited)
18. Findley :
Practical Physical Chemistry :
19. A.I.Vogel
A text book of quantitative inorganic Chemistry, ELBS, London.
20. Strouts
Galfillal : Analytical Chemistry (Clarendon Press)
21. Yu.Lyalikov
: Physicochemical Analysis (Mir Publishers)
22. Strouts
Wilson & Parry Jones : Chemical Analysis Vol.I (Clarendon Press)
23. Meites
and Thomas : Advanced Analytical Chemistry, (Mc Graw Hill)
24. Willard
Merritt and Dean : Instrumental methods of Analysis (Van Nostrand)
25. B.L.Krayer,
H.H.Willard, L.Merrit , J.A.Dean & F.A.Settle : Instrumental Methods of
Analysis (CBS Pulishers, Delhi, 1986)
26. L.R.Shyder
& C.H.Harvath : An Introduction to Separation Science (Wiley Interscience)
27. R.D.Brown
Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis (Tata McGraw Hill)
28. F.J.Wicher
Robert : Standard Methods of Chemical Analysis
29. Dr.G.L.David
Krupadanam, D.Vijaya Prasad, K.Varaprasad Rao, KLN Reddy, C.Sudhakar,
Analytical Chemistry.
30. Analytical
Chemistry of Macrocyclic and supramolecular and Compounds - S.M. Khopkar-Narosa publication.
31. Separation
Chemistry - R.D. Budhiraja - New Age.
32. Perspectives
in Environmental studies - Kaushik & Kaushik - New Age."
*****
syllabus
for M.Sc.Part-II (chemistry)
Paper-I
(Compulsory)
Spectroscopy
Total Lectures : 120 Hours, 4 Hours per week, 24
Hours/unit Total Marks : 75
Unit-I : A) Unifying principles : Electromagnetic radiation, interaction of
electromagnetic radiation with matter-absorption emission transmission
reflection, refraction, dispersion, polarization and scattering. Uncertainty
relation and natural line width and line broadening, transition probabilities,
results of the dependent perturbation theory, transition moment, selection
rule, intensity of spectral lines, Born-Oppenheimer approximation, rotational,
vibrational and electronic energy levels.
B) Microwave spectroscopy :
Classification of molecules, rigid rotar model, effect of isotopic substitution on the transition
frequencies, intensities, non-rigid rotar, Stark effect, nuclear and electron
spin interaction and effect of external field, Applications.
C) Ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy :
Various electronic transitions (185 - 800 nm), Beer-Lambert law, effect of
solvent on electronic transitions, UV bands for carbonyl compounds, unsaturated
carbonyl compounds dienes, conjugated polynes. Fieser - woodward rules for conjugated dienes and carbonyl compounds,
UV spectra of aromatic and heterocyclic compounds. Steric effects in biphenyls.
Unit-II : A) Infrared Spectroscopy : Review
of linear harmonic oscillator, vibrational energies of diatomic molecules, Zero
point energy, force constant and bond strengths, unharmonicity, Morse potential
energy diagram, vibrations of poly atomic molecules, selection rules, normal
modes of vibrations, group frequencies, overtone bands, factors affecting the
band positions and intensities, far IR region, metal ligand vibrationas,
Instrumentation and sample handling Characteristics. Vibrational frequencies of
alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic compounds,alcohols, ethers, phenols,
amines. Detailed study of vibrational frequencies of carbonyl compounds,
(Ketones, aldehydes, esters, amides, acids, acid chlorides and anhydrides,
lactones, lactums and conjugated carbonyl compounds). Effect of hydrogen
bonding and solvent on vibrational frequencies, overtones, combinations bands
and Fermi's resonance. FT-IR, IR of gaseous solids and polymeric materials.
Modes of bonding of ambidentate ligands etc.
B) Raman Spectroscopy : Classical and
quantum theories of Raman effect. Pure rotational, vibrational and vibration-rotational
Raman spectra, selection rules, mutual exclusion Raman spectroscopy, coherent
antistokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS). Application for the study of active sites
of metalloproteins.
C) Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy :
Introduction, Basic principle, Zero field splitting and Kramer's
degeneracy, factors affecting the
"g" values, hyperfine splitting, Determination of "g"
value. Instrumentation, working of the instrument, sensitivity, concentration,
choice of solvent, presentation of ESR, Applications of ESR to study of free
radicals, structure determination, reaction velocities. Applications to
inorganic compounds including biological systems and to inorganic free radicals
such as PH4-,
F2-
[BH3]-, determination of oxidation state of a metal, Eldor
and Eldor techniques.
Unit-III : A) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy : General introduction and defination of Nuclear spin,
nuclear resonance shielding of magnetic nuclei, chemical shift, factors
influencing chemical shift, deshielding, chemical shift values and correlation
for protons bonded to carbon (aliphatic
olefinic, aldehydic and aromatic) and other nuclei. (alcohols, phenols, enols,
acids, amines, amides and mercaptols), chemical exchange, effect of deuteration
spin-spin coupling (n+1) rule, complex spin-spin interactions between two,
three, four and five nuclei (first order spectra) virtual coupling, factors
influencing coupling constant J, classification of spin systems like AX, AX2,
ABX, AMX, ABC, A2B2 etc. Spin decoupling basic ideas about instrument,
mechanics of measurements. Stereochemistry, hindered rotation, Karplus
curve-variation of J with dihedral angle. Simplification of complex spectra,
nuclear magnetic double resonance, contact shift reagents, solvent effects, Fourier
transform technique, Nuclear Over Hauser
Effect (NOE). Resonance of other nuclei like P, F. Some applications
including biochemical systems, an overview of NMR of metal nucleides with
emphasis on 195Pt and 119Sn NMR.
B) Carbon
: 13 NMR spectroscopy : General
considerations, chemical shift (aliphatic, olefinic, alkyne, aromatic,
hetero-aromatic and carbonyl carbon), Coupling constants. General ideas about
two dimensional NMR spectroscopy - COSY, NOESY, DEPT techniques, solid state
NMR.
Unit-IV : A) Emission Spectroscopy based upon plasma : Arc and spark atomization, spectra from higher energy
sources, emission spectroscopy based on plasma sources, atomic fluorescence
methods based on plasma atomization. Emission spectroscopy based upon arc and
spark sources. X-ray fluroscence and its principle, instrumentation and
applications in analytical chemistry.
B) Photo Electron Spectroscopy : Basic
principle, photoelectric effect, ionization process, PES spectra of simple
molecules, ESCA, Chemical information from ESCA. Auger Electron Spectroscopy - basic idea. Surface
characterisation by spectroscopy and microscopy, (SEM).
C) X-ray
diffraction : Interaction of X-ray
with matter, scattering & diffraction. Bragg's method, Debye-Sherrer Method
of X-ray structural analysis of crystals, index reflections, identification of
unit cell from systematic absence in diffraction pattern. Structure of simple
lattices & X-ray intensities structure factor, its relation to intensity of
electron density procedure for x-ray structure analysis.
D) Electron Diffraction : Scattering intensity Vs scattering
angle, wierl equation,
measurement technique, elucidation of structure of simple gas phase molecules.
Low energy electron diffraction and structure of surfaces.
Neutron
Diffraction : Scattering of neutrons by solids and liquids, magnetic
scattering, measurement techniques. Elucidation of structure of magnetically
ordered unit cells.
Unit-V : A) Mass Spectrometry : Introduction, theory, measurement techniques (EI, CI,
FD, FAB) recording of mass spectrum. Types of ions, isotopic contribution,
fragmentation process, factors affecting fragmentation, ion analysis, ion
abundance. Mass spectral fragmentation of organic compounds of various types,
common functional groups, molecular ions, metastable ions, McLafferty
rearrangement. Retro-Diel's Alder fragmentation, Nitrogen rule. High resolution
mass spectrometry. Examples of mass spectural fragmentation of organic compounds
with respect to their structure determination.
B)
Mossbauer Spectroscopy : Basic
principle, spectral parameters & spectrum display. Doppler shift,
Recoilless emission of radiation. Isomer shifts, Quadrupole Splitting, Magnetic
hyperfine splitting. Application of the technique to the studies of (1) Bonding
& structure of Fe+2, & Fe+3. compounds including those of intermediate
spin, (2) Sn+2 & Sn+4 compounds -
Nature of M-L Bond, coordination number, structure & (3) detection of
oxidation state & in equivalent MB atoms. Mossbauer spectroscopy of
biological systems.
C) Structural Problem : Problems based on
IR, Mass, UV, PMR, 13C NMR data and structure, determination of organic
molecules.
Paper-II (Compulsory)
Analytical Chemistry
Total Lectures : 120 Hours, 4 Hours per week, 24 Hours/unit Total
Marks : 75
Unit-I : Radiochemical Methods : Elementary working, principles of Geiger
Muller, Ionisation, proportional and g-ray
counters. Neutron radiation sources, Radio tracer techniques, Neutron
activation analysis (NAA) : Principle, techniques and applications in
preparation of some commonly used radioactive isotopes. Use of radioactive
isotopes in analytical and physicochemical problems, Isotopic Dilution Analysis
(IDA), substoichiometric IDA, experimental technique and application of IDA,
advantages and limitations of IDA and comparison of IDA with NAA. Principle of
Radiometric titrations, types, Experimental techniques and its applications.
Unit-II : Thermal methods
of Analysis : Introduction of different thermal methods,
Thermogravimetry TG and DTG, static thermogravimetry, quasistatic
thermogravimetry and dynamic thermogravimetry, Instrumentation and balances,
X-Y recorder, thermogram. Factors affecting thermograms, Application of
thermogravimetry, Differential thermal analysis,, DTA theories, DTA curves,
Factors affecting DTA curves, Instrumentation, applications of DTA, reaction
kinetics, correlation of DTA and TGA data, simultaneous determination in
thermal analysis. Derivative DTA, simple numerical problems.
Differential
scanning colorimetry (DSC) : Introduction, Instrumentation, DSC - curves,
factors affecting DSC curves and applications. Thermometric Titrations;
Introduction, apparatus, theory and applications.
Unit-III : Electroanalytical
Techniques :
A) Polarography
: Basics of Polarography, reference
and working electrodes, operational amplifiers concept, components of the
limiting current, adsorption, kinetic, catalytic and diffusion currents and to
distinguish them. Ilkovic equation - diffusion current constant and capillary
characteristics determination. Role of temperature on diffusion current.
Reversible, quasi reversible and irreversible electrode reactions and
evaluation of parameters using various reactions. Limitations of Polarography
advancements - pulse and differential pulse polarography.
B) Voltammetry : Linear and Cyclic sweep voltammetry. Randle's Sevcik
equation. Adsorption complications in voltammetry. Tests for electrode
reactions coupled with chemical reaction, EC and ECE reactions. Applications of
voltammetry in the study of unstable reaction
intermediates and in enzyme catalysed reactions.
Stripping
Technique : Anodic and Cathodic stripping voltammetry and their
applications in the trace determination of metal ions and biologically
important compounds.
C) Ion Selective Electrodes : Electrical
Properties of membrane, glass electrode with special reference to H+,
Na+, K+ ions, operation
of solid membrane electrode, operation of liquid membrane electrode, coated
type ion electrode. Applications of ion selective electrode in determination of
some toxic metals and some anions. ( F-, Cl-,
Br-, I-, and NO3- )
Unit-IV : Optical and Automation methods of Analysis :
A)
Molecular Luminescence Spectroscopy :
Introduction, Molecular fluorescence,
phosphorescence and Chemiluminescence, theory, factors affecting fluorescence
and phosphorescence, Intrumentation and analytical applications. Photoacoustic
spectroscopy : Theory, Instrumentation, PAS- gases and condensed systems,
chemical and surface applications.
B)
Inductively Coupled plasma Atomic
Emission Spectroscopy (ICPAES) : Principles, automization and excitation,
ICP-source, Instrumentation and applications.
C) Automation
in Analysis : Classification of automated methods, principles and
techniques of auto-analyzers employed for micro analysis with emphasis on the
basis sequences in operational modes in segmented and non-segmented flow and
applications. Flow Injection Analysis (FIA), Factors affecting FIA and
applications.
Unit-V : Analysis of Food, Fuel,
Body fluids and Drugs :
A) The chemical and nutritional composition
of food, analysis of trace elements such as Pb, As, Cd in food, Analysis of
Tea, Milk, Spices. Chemical preservation of food, Analysis of sodium benzoate
and sodium metabisulphite, Analysis of adulterants in food, Analysis of
artificial sweeteners in food and colouring agents.
B) Fuel Analysis : Solid, liquid, Gas -
Ultimate and proximate analysis - heating values - grading of coal, liquid
Fuels - flash point, aniline point, octane number and carbon residue. Gaseous
fuels - producer gas and water gas - calorific value.
C)
Clinical Chemistry and Drug Analysis
: Composition of blood, collection and preservation of samples, clinical
analysis, serum electrolytes, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid,
albumin, globulin, barbiturates, acid and alkaline phosphatases. Immunoassay :
Principles of radio immunoassay (RIA) and applications. The blood gas analysis
trace elements in the body. Narcotics and dangerous drugs, classification of
drugs. Screening by gas and thin layer chromatography and spectrophotometric
measurements.
List of Books
1.
Day and Underwood : Quantitative
Analysis
2.
A.I.Vogal : A
text book of quantitative Analysis
3.
Flaschka : EDTA
Titration
4.
Meites and Thomas : Advanced
Analytical Chemistry
5.
G.W.Ewing : Instrumental
methods of
Chemical Analysis.
6.
R.S.Drago : Physical
methods in Inorganic Chemistry
7.
G.D.Christian : Analytical
Chemistry
8.
S.M.Khopkar : Basic
Concepts of Analytical Chemistry
9.
Kolltath and Lingane : Polarography
10.
Braun : Instrumental methods of Chemical Analysis
11.
Willard, Merritt & Dean : Instrumental methods of Analysis
12.
Strouts,Crifillan and : Analytical Chemistry
Wilson
13.
J.W.T.Spinks and : Introductions
to Radiation
R.J.Woods
Chemistry
14.
S.A.Skoog and D.W. : Fundamentals of Analytical
West
Chemistry
15.
R.V.Dilts : Analytical
Chemistry
Paper-III
Inorganic Chemistry (special paper-I)
Total Lectures : 120 Hours, 4 Hours per week, 24 Hours/unit Total
Marks : 75
Unit-I : A) Essential & trace metals in biological
systems : Biological functions of
inorganic elements, biological ligands for metal ions. Coordination by
proteins, Tetrapyrrole ligands & other macrocycles. Influence of excess
& deficiency of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu & Zn. Genetic defects in the absorption
of trace elements. Regulation & storage of trace elements. Toxic effects of
metals.
B) Medicinal use of metal complexes as
antibacterial, anticancer, use of cis-platin as antitumor drug, antibiotics
& related compounds. Metal used for diagnosis & chemotherapy with
particular reference to anti cancer drugs. Chelate therapy, chemotherapy with
compounds of some non-essential elements; Platinum complexes in cancer therapy.
Gold containing drugs used in the therapy of Rheumatic Arthritis, Lithium in
Psycho Pharmocological drugs.
C) Metal Storage, transport &
biomineralization with respect to Ferritin, Transferrin & Siderophores, Na+, / K+ pump. Role of Ca in transport & regulation in living cells.
Unit-II : A) Bio-energetics and ATP cycle : DNA polymerisation,
metal complexes in transmission of energy, chlorophylls, Photosystem I
& Photosystem II in cleavage of H2O, Model
systems. Biological Nitrogen fixation.
B) Electron transfer in Biology :
Structure and functions of metalloproteins in electron transfer proteins,
cytochromes & Fe-S proteins, Non-heme iron proteins; Rubredoxins, Synthetic
models.
Transport
& Storage of Dioxygen : Heme proteins & Oxygen uptake, structure and
functions of haemoglobin, myoglobin, hemocyanins & hemerythrin.
C) Metallo enzymes : Apoenzyme,
Haloenzyme & Coenzyme. The
principle involved and role of various metals in -
i) Zn-enzyme :- Carboxy peptidase & Carbonic anhydrase.
ii) Fe-enzyme :- Catalase Peroxidase &
Cytochrome
P-450
iii) Cu-enzyme :- Super Oxide dismutase
iv) Molybdenum :- Oxatransferase enzymes,
Xanthine
oxidase, Co-enzyme
Vit.
B-12, Co-C bond cleavage,
Mutase
activity of co-enzyme
B12.
Alkylation reactions of
Methyl
cobalamin.
Unit-III : Photoinorganic Chemistry :
A) Basics of Photochemistry : Absorption,
excitation, photochemical laws, quantum yield, electronically excited states -
life times - measurements of the times. Flash photolysis, stopped flow
techniques. Energy dissipation by radiative and no-radiative processes,
absorption spectra, Frank-Condon principle; photochemical stages - primary and
secondary processes.
B) Properties
of excited states : Photochemical
kinetics. Calculation of rates of radiative processes.
C) Excited states of Metal complexes : Electronically
excited states of metal complexes, charge-transfer spectra, charge transfer
excitations, methods for obtaining charge-transfer spectra.
Unit-IV : A) Ligand field Photochemistry : Photosubstitution, photooxidation and photoreduction.
B) Redox reactions by Excited Metal Complexes
: Energy transfer under conditions of weak interaction and strong
interaction - exciplex formation, conditions of excited states to be useful as
redox reactants, excited electron transfer, metal complexes as attractive
candidates (2,2 - bipyridine and 1,10 - Phenanthroline complexes.).
C)
Metal Complex Sensitizers : Metal complex sensitizer, water photolysis,
nitrogen fixation and carbon dioxide reduction.
Unit-V : Organotransition Metal Chemistry
:
A) Transition Metal - Carbon multiple
bonds. Nature of bonding, structural characteristics & synthesis,
Properties of transition metal Pi - Complexes with unsaturated organic
molecules, alkenes, alkynes, allyl, diene, dienyl, arene & trienyl
complexes, Alkylidenes, alkylidynes, low valent carbenes & carbynes.
Applications of transition metal, organometallic intermediates in organic
synthesis relating to nucleophilic and electrophilic attack on ligands, Role of
metals in organic synthesis.
Organocopper in Organic
synthesis. : Types, routes of synthesis, stability & decomposition path
ways of alkyls & aryls of transition metals. Environmental aspects of
organometallic compounds.
B) Catalysis
: Introduction, types and
applications of catalysis in the food, fine chemical, petroleum & petroleum
& petrochemical.
C) Inorganic Polymers : Classification,
Synthesis, Properties & structural aspects, characterisation based on
various physico-chemical methods & applications of the following polymers :
(i)
Coordination Polymers, and (ii) Polysilanes.
Paper-IV
Inorganic Chemistry (special paper-II)
Total Lectures : 120
Hours, 4 Hours/week, 24 Hours/unit Total
Marks : 75
Unit-I : Solid State Chemistry :
A) Principles of Crystal Structure :
Packing of equal sized spheres in HCP, CCP, BCC in closed packed arrangement,
ionic radius, radius ratio. Pauling Rule deviation from Pauling rule and
reasons. Limiting radius for tetrahedral, octahedral and cubic co-ordination
geometry.
B) Crystal Structure of Some Simple compounds
:
i) Covalent
structure type - Diamond, Sphalerite and Wurtzite.
ii) Binary compounds of AB type :Nacl, Cscl
and NiAs reasons for preference for a particular structure in above AB type of
compounds. AB2 type : Fluorite, antifluorites, Rutile structures. Li2O,
Na2O, etc. CdCl2, CdI2
structures, difference between them.
AB2 type : ReO3, BiI3,
CrCl3
A2B3
type : Fe2O3 corundum Al2O3,
Mn2O3.
iii) Ternary Compounds ABX3
type : Perovskite, packing of Oxygen with titanium in CaTiO3
Tolerance factor and structural variations. Unit Cell with oxygen at corner and
with titanium at corner to show coordination of calcium and titanium, structure
of ilmenite FeTiO3.
Structure
of Olivine ((FeMg)2 SiO4)
Application
of charge neutrality principles, Deviation structures.
iv) AB2X4
type - Spinel, packing of oxygen in tetrahedral and octahedral sites, sites
occupancy number of site surrounding each oxygen, application of
charge neutrality principle, Normal and inverse, 2-3 and 4-2 spinel, site
preferences in spinel, distorted spinel. Hausmannite (Jahn-Teller distortions),
Factors causing distortion in spinel.
Unit-II : A) Defects in stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric solids,
electrons and holes, atomic inperfections : Interestitial,
Schottky defect, Frenkel defect, line defect and other entities, thermodynamics
of Schottky & Frankel defects. Dissociation, theory of dislocation, Plane
defects - Lineage boundary, grain boundary, stacking fault, 3D defects, Defects
and their concentrations, Ionic conductivity in solids, Non-stoichiometric
compounds. Electronic properties of Non-stoichiometric oxides, solid
electrolytes, pyknrometric and electrical conductivity methods of study of
defects, radiation effects on solid nature and properties, photography, colour
centres, order-disorder changes, defects, imperfection equilibrium, atom
movements, and defect interactions.
B) Electronic Properties and Band Theory :
Metals, Insulators and semiconductors, electronic structure of solids - band
theory, band structure of metals, insultors and semiconductors. Intrinsic and
extrinsic semiconductors, doping semiconductors, p-n junctions. Hall effect,
organic semiconductors and its applications, mechanism of ionic conduction,
diffusion superionic conductors, phase-transitions and mechanism of conduction
in super-ionic conductors, applications of
ionic conductors.
Unit-III : A) Optical and Magnetic properties of solids : Introduction, interaction of light with atoms,
absorption and emission of radiations in semiconductor, optical fibres, optical
reflectance, photoconduction - photo electric effects, luminescence,
photovoltaic effect, phosphorescence, lasers, Principle of laser action and its
application.
Dielectric
behaviour materials : Piezo-electricity, pyroelectricity, ferrielectricity,
antiferroelectricity, ferroelectricity and their applications.
B) Magnetic Properties : Introduction,
Classification of materials, magnetic
susceptibility, paramagnetism in metal complexes, diamagnetism, ferromagnetic
metals, ferromagnetic compounds (CrO2),
Antiferromagnetism - transition metal monoxides, ferrimagnetism - ferrites,
magnetic anisotropy, magneto striction, cooperative phenomena - magnetic
domains, hysteresis (hard and soft magnets) magnetic storage and applications
of magnetic materials.
C) Superconductivity : Introduction,
discovery magnetic properties of super conductor, theory of super conductivity,
Josephson effects, HC-temperature superconductor, crystal structure of high temperature semiconductors, and its
uses.
Unit-IV : A) Glasses, Ceramics & Composites :
Glass
: A general idea of Glassy state, types, their composition and properties,
glass formers and glass modifiers, optical glass, coloured glasses, lead glass,
neutron absorbing glass.
Ceramics
: General Introduction, types,
manufacturing process, structure, mechanical properties.
B)
Liquid Crystals : Mesomorphic
behaviour, thermotropic liquid crystals, positional order, bond orientational
order, nematics and smectic mesophases; smectic - Nematic transition and
clearing temperature - homeotropic, planar and schlieren textures, twisted
nematics, chiral nematics, molecular arrangement in smectic A & smectic C phases, optical properties of
liquid crystals. Dielectric susceptibility
and dielectric constants. Lyotropic phases and their description of
ordering in liquid crystals.
C) Bio-materials : Biomineralisation,
controlled formation of biological composits, bone & other mineralised
tissues, materials of construction, applications (General aspect only).
Unit-V : A) Nanoparticals & Nanostructural materials
: Introduction, methods of
preparation, physical properties, chemical properties .
Nanoporous
Materials : Introduction, Zeolites and molecular sieves, porous lamellar
solids, composition - structure, preparation and applications.
B) Chemical Vapour Deposition :
Introduction, fundamental aspects of CVD processes, vapor phase deposition
methods.
Molecular
Precursor routes to inorganic solids :- Introduction, sol-gel chemistry of
metal alkoxides, Hybrid organic - inorganic compounds.
C) Solid State Reactions : General
principles, reaction rates, reaction mechanism, reactions of solids, factors
influencing reactivity, photographic process.
List of Books (M.Sc.-II Inorganic - Special Paper-I & II) :
1) Cotton
and Wilkinson : Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (Vth Edn)
2) R.C.
Mehrotra and A. Singh : Organometallic Chemistry an introduction.
3) Principles
of the solid state : H.V. Keer, Wiley Eastern.
4) Introduction
to solids : L.V. Azaroff
5) Solid
State Chemistry : C.N.R. Rao
6) A text
book of inorganic chemistry : A.K.De
7) Material
science and engineering, An Introduction : W.D.Callister, Wiley.
8) Materials
Science : J.C.Anderson, K.D.Leaver, I.M.Alexander and R.D.Rawlings, ELBS
9) Thermotropic
liquid crystals, Ed., G.W.Gray, John Wiley.
10) Solid
State Chemistry : A.R.West.
11. Cotton
and Wilkinson : Advanced Inorganic Chemistry
(Vth Edn)
12. M.N.Hughes
: Inorganic Chemistry of Biological process
13. Parcell
and Kotz : Inorganic Chemistry
14. R.C.Mehrotra
and : Organometallic Chemistry an
A
Singh introduction.
15. G.L.Eicchom
: Inorganic Bio-Chemistry
Vol I & II
16. H.Siegel
: Metals in biological Chemistry
17. Daasy
:
Bio-Inorganic Chemistry
18. Paty
:
Industrial toxicology and
Hygiene Vol I & II
19. C.N.R.Rao
: Spectroscopy in Inorganic Chemistry
20. J.E.Huheey
: Inorganic Chemistry
21. J.J.Lagowski
: Modern Inorganic Chemistry
22. Basolo
and Pearson : Inorganic Reaction Mechanism
23. Darlin
:
Magnetic properties of transition
metal complexes.
24. N.B.Hanny
: Solid state Chemistry
25. L.V.Azaroff
: Introduction to solids
26. A.K.Barnard
: Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry
27. Day
& Selbin :
Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry
28. Benson
: Inorganic Reaction mechanism
29. Henderson,
Edward : Defects in crystaline solids
Arnold
30. N.N.Greenward
: Ionic crystal lattue defects and
non-stoichiometry.
31. A.K.Galway
: Chemistry of solids
32. C.N.R.Rao
: Solids state chemistry
33. A.K.De
: A Text book of inorganic
Chemistry
34. S.G.Skyes
: Inorganic reaction Mechanism
35. G.E.Coates
: Principles of organumetallic
M.L.H.Green Chemistry
36. H.J.Emeleus
and : Modern aspects in Inorganic
Sharpe Chemistry
37. Malik,
Tuli and : Selected topies in Inorganic
Madan Modern Chemistry
38. West
and : Advances in Organometallic
F.G.A.Stone Chemistry
Vol V.
39. F.G.A.Stone
and : Inorganic Polymers
W.A.G.Graham
40. C.J.Ballahansan
: Molecular electronic structures of transitionmetal
complexes.
41. H.R.Allcock
: Phosphorus Nitrogen compounds.
42. J.O.Edward
: Inorganic reaction mechanism
43. Hanna
:
Solid state Chemistry
44. Benson
D. : Mechanisms of Inorganic
Reactions in solutions
45. Yatsmirski
K.B. and : Instability constant of complex
compounds.
46. G.Wilkinson : Comprehensive
R.D.Gillard,
and Coordination
J.A.Mcclevarty Chemistry,
Pergamon
47. K.Burger : Experimental Methods in Coordination
Chemistry, Bulderworth.
48. I.S.Butter
and J.F. : Inorganic Chemistry
Harrod Benjamin
publication
49. T.S.Swain
and D.S.T. : Organometallic
Black Chemistry
50. John
Wulff and others : Structure and Properties of Materials
Vol. I-IV Wiley Eastern
Pvt.
Ltd. New Delhi
51. V.Raghavan : Materials Science and Engineering
52. A.G.Guy : Essentials of Materials Science.
53. Lovell,
Avery Kvarson : Physical Properties of Materials.
54. Kelley
and Groves : Crystallography and Crystal Defects.
55. Kirkendale : Analytical Methods of Materials
56. C.M.Mitchell : Standard Methods of Chemical Analysis
57. B.D.Cullity : Elements of X-ray Diffraction.
Addison
Wesley
58. H.V.Keer : Principles of Solid State Wiley Publication
59. West
and F.G.A. Stone : Advances in Organomettalic Chemistry
60. A.W.Admason
and : Concept of Inorganic
P.D.Fleischaner Photochemistry
61. V.Balzani and : Concept of Inorganic
V.Carassiti Coordination
Compound
62. K.K.Rohatigi
Mukherjee : Fundamentals of Photo Chemistry
63. G.L.Eichhorn : Inorganic Biochemistry, Vol. I,II
M.Sc.Part-II
Paper-III (special paper-I)
organic chemistry
Total Lectures :
120 Hours, 4 Hours/week, 24 Hours/unit Total
Marks : 75
Unit-I : A) Photochemistry
: Interaction of radiation with
matter, types of excitation, fate of excited molecule, quenching, quantum
efficiency, quantum yield, transfer of excitation energy, actinometry, Singlet
and triplet states, experimental methods in photochemistry.
Photochemistry
of carbonyl compounds and transition, Norrish type I and Norrish type II
reactions. Paterno-Buchi reaction, photoreduction, Photochemistry of Enones,
Hydrogen abstraction rearrangement of unsaturated ketones and
cyclohexadienones. Photochemistry of parabenzoquinones. Phochemistry of Aromatic
Compounds with reference to isomerisation,
additions and substitutions. Photochemical isomerization of cis and
trans alkenes, Photochemical cyclisation of reactions, Barton reaction,
Photo-Fries rearrangement, Phototheory reactions of anilides.
B)
Pericyclic
Reactions : Molecular Orbital symmetry, Frontier orbitals of ethylene,
1,3-butadiene, 1,3,5,-hexatriene allyl systems, classification of pericyclic
reactions, FMO approach, Woodward-Hoffmann correlation diagram method and
Perturbation of molecular orbital (PMO) approach of pericyclic reactions under
thermal and photochemical conditions.
Electrocyclic
reaction, con-rotatory and dis-rotatory motions 4n and (4n+2) systems with more
emphasis on (2+2) and (4+2) cyclo additions of ketones, secondary effects in
(4+2) cycloaddition, Sterochemical effects and effect of substituents on the
rate of cycloaddition, 1,3,-Dipolar cycloaddition and chelotropic reactions.
Sigmatropic rearrangement, suprafacial and antarafacial shifts involving carbon
moieties, retention and inversion of configuration, (3,3) and (3,5) Sigmatropic
rearrangement, Claisen and Cope
rearrangements.
Unit-II : A) Oxidation-Reduction
and Electron Transfer Reactions :
i) Oxidation : Principle,
aromatization, dehydrogenation yielding C=C, Oxidation aldehydes, ketone,
cleavage of C--C bonds in glycols, ozonolysis, epoxidation, Oppenauer
oxidation, Sommelet reaction.
ii)
Reduction : Selectivity in reduction, reduction of nitro and nitroso
compounds, metal hydride reductions, dissolving metal reduction, reduction of
aldehydes and ketones to alcohols, reduction of carbonyl group to methylene.
iii)
Electron transfer reactions : Selective oxidation of alkyl side chain in
aromatic compound, alcohols and acid using Co(III), Reduction with LiAlH4,
NaBH4.
B) Formation of C--C bond : Principles, disconnection and synthons, electrophillic
and nucleophillic carbon species, use of following reactions in the C-C bond
formation, base catalysed condensations, Aldol, Claisen, Perkin, Stobbe's,
Knoevengel use of malonic and aceto acetic esters, Michael addition, Wittig
reaction, use of acetylides, acid catalysed condensation of olefins, F.C.
reaction, Fries reaction and Diels-Alder reaction.
C) Formation
of C--N Bond : Reaction involving nucleophilic nitrogen and electrophilic
carbon and vice versa, Beckmann rearrangement, Skraup synthesis, Bischler -
Napieraski reaction.
Unit-III : A) Umpolung Concept : Dipole inversion, generation of acyl anion, use of
1,3-dithiane, methyl-thiomethylsulphoxide bis phenylthio methane, metalleted
enol, ethers, alkylidene diathane, ketone thio acetals, 2-propenethio bismethyl
thio-allyl anion.
B) Phosphorous and Sulphur Ylide :
Preparation and their synthetic application alongwith stereochemistry.
C) Enamines : Chemistry of Enamines and
their synthetic applications.
D) Chemo and Regio Selectivity : Selectivity
in organic synthesis. Chemo and Regio selectivity, Stereo selective and
Stereospecific reactions, Kinetic and Thermodynamic control in a reaction.
Unit-IV : A) Applications of Organometallics in Organic Synthesis : Use of organometallic compounds of Mg, Li, Zn, B., Sn,
and organo copper compounds in organic synthesis. Organo-transition metal reagents
of Cr, Fe, Co, Rh, Ni and Pd.
B) Designing the synthesis based on Retro
Synthetic Analysis : A disconnection approach to the synthesis of organic
compounds. Different considerations in designing Target molecule, concept of
synthon, FGI, chemoselectivity, regioselectivity, specificity,
stereoselectivity, general strategy choosing a disconnection, Types of
disconnections. Some of the applications of these concepts in designing the
synthesis of common important class of the compounds.
Unit-V : A) Protection and De-Protection of Functional Groups : Protection and deprotection of functional groups like
Hydroxyl, Amino, Carbonyl and Carboxylic groups, techniques employed for these.
B) Phase
Transfer Catalysis and Crown Ethers : Their
methods of preparation and applications in organic synthesis.
C) Selective
Organic Name Reactions : Stork-Enamine
reaction, Michael addition, Favorski reaction, Mannich reaction, Sharpless
asymmetric epoxidation, Ene reaction,
Baeyer-Villiger reaction.
D) Reagents in Organic Synthesis : Use of
the following reagents in synthesis and functional group transformations such
as complex metal hydrides, Gillemen reagent, Lithium dialkyl cuprate, LDA, DCC,
Trimethyl Silyl Iodide, Tributyl Tin hydride, Woodward and Prevost
Hydroxylation, DDQ, Peterson synthesis, Wilkinson's Catalyst, Becker Yeast.
M.Sc.Part-II
Paper-IV (special paper-II)
(organic chemistry)
Total Lectures : 120 Hours, 4 Hours/week, 24 Hours/unit Total
Marks : 75
Unit-I : Classification, Isolation, General
Methods of Structure determination of the following.
A) Alkaloids
: Papaverine, Morphine, Reserpine,
Nicotine.
B) Terpenoids
: Camphor, Gereniol, Abietic acid,
Squalene.
C) Steroids
and Harmones : Cholesterol,
Testosterone, Progesterone, Cortisone.
Unit-II : Biomolecules :
A) Carbohydrates
: Types of naturally occuring sugars,
deoxy sugars, amino sugars, branched chain sugars, methyl ethers and acid
derivatives of sugars. General methods of structure and ring size determination
with reference to maltose, lactose, sucrose, starch and cellulose.
B)
Aminoacids, Peptides and
Proteins : Amino acids structural
characteristics, acid base property, Stereochemistry of amino acids, optical
resolution, Strecker synthesis. Peptides and proteins-Structure of peptides and
proteins. Primary, secondary and tertiary and quaternary structures. Reactions
of peptides, structure, determination of poly peptides and group analysis.
Purines and Nucleic acids : Chemistry, structure and functional relation to
gene of DNA and RNA.
C) Prostaglandins : Occurance,
nomenclature, classification and physiological effects. Synthesis of PGE2 and
PGF2a.
Unit-III : Medicinal
Chemistry : Mode of action and
chemistry of the following.
A) Antibiotics : Introduction,
Penicillins V & G, Streptomycin Chloramphenicol, Tetracyclines.
B) Antimalarials : Chemotherapy of
malaria, Aminoquinolines, pamaquine, Chloro quinine, pyrimidines and sulphones.
C) Antipyratic and Analgesic : Aspirin,
Salol, phenacetin, antipyrin.
D) Vitamins : Structure determination and
chemistry of Thiamine (Vitamin D), Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C), Vitamin E and
Vitamin A.
Unit-IV : A) Dyes : General
Introduction, classification on the basis of structure and methods of
application, dying mechanism, methods of dyeing, such as direct dyeing, vat
dyeing, dispersive dyeing, formation of dye on fibre, dying with reactive dyes.
Study of Quinoline yellow (Cyanin dye), Ethyl red (Isocynin dye), Methylene
blue (Thiazine dye), Alizarin, Cyanin green (Anthraquinone
dye),
Fluorescein, Eosin, Erythrosin, Rhodamines (Xanthene dye), Indigo (Indigoids).
B)
Natural Pigments : Chemistry of b-carotenes,
orthocynains, General study of porphyrines. Structure and synthesis of
Haemoglobin and Chlorophyl.
C)
Synthetic Polymers : Introduction,
type of polymerization, Mechanism of condensation polymerization, Addition
polymerization, free radical cationic, anionic and coordination polymerization.
Copolymerization, chain transfer agents, inhibitors. Stereochemistry of
polymers, Stereoregulated polymers, atactic, isotatic and syndiotactic
polymers.
D) Study of Synthetic Rubber - Buna S.,
SBR, cold rubber, Buna N, NBR, Butyl Rubber, Poly isoprene rubber,
Polyurethanes, vulcanization mechanism. Foaming agents, plasticizers,
stabilizers, silicones.
Unit-V : A) Polynuclear Hydrocarbons : Introduction, comparative study of the aromatic
character of linear and non-linear ortho fused polynuclear hydrocarbons.
General methods of preparation of indene, fluorine, anthracene and
phenanthrene. Modern methods of synthesis of macro ring compounds - Clivetone,
Muscone and Catenoides.
B) Heterocyclic Compounds : Nomenclature
and familiarity with the hererocyclic ring systemes (3-7 members) containing
upto 3 hetero atoms. Detailed chemistry of pyrazole, imidazole, oxazole,
thiazole, thiazines, pyrimidines, pyrazines and azepines.
C) Biosynthesis of Natural Products : Concept
regarding primary and secondary metabolites, biosynthesis of fatty acids,
terpenes, alkaloids and amino acids (lysine phenylalanine).
*****
M.Sc.II.
Paper III
Physical Chemistry (Special Paper-I)
Total lectures 120 hours, 4
hours per week, 24 lectures per unit. 75
Marks.
Unit I : Solid state Chemistry:
A. Solid state reactions: 4L
General
principles, experimental procedures, co-precipitation as a precursor to solid
state reactions, kinetics of Solid state reactions.
B. Crystal Defects & Non-Stoichiometry: 6L
Perfect
and imperfect crystals, intrinsic and extrinsic defects- point defects, line
and plane defects, vacancies- Schotcky defects and Frenkel defects.
Thermodynamics of Schotcky and Frenkel defect formation, color centers, non-
stoichiometry and defects.
C.
Electronic Properties and Band
Theory: 14L
Metals,
insulators and semiconductors, electronic structure of solids- band theory,
band structure of metals, insulators and semiconductors. Intrinsic and
extrinsic semiconductors, doping semiconductors, p-n junctions, super
conductors.
Optical
properties- Optical reflectance, photoconduction-photoelectric effects.
Magnetic
properties- Classification of
materials: Quantum theory of paramagnetics- cooperative phenomena- magnetic
domains.
Unit II. : A). Multiphase
Materials: 5L
Ferrous;
Fe-C phase transformations in ferrous alloys; stainless steels, non-ferrous
alloys, properties of ferrous and nonferrous alloys and their applications.
B)
Glasses, Ceramics, Composites and
Nanomaterials: 11L
Glassy
state, glass formers and glass modifiers, applications. Ceramics structures,
mechanical properties, clay products. Refractories, characterizations,
properties and applications. Microscopic composite; dispersion-strengthened and
particle-reinforced, fiber-reinforced composites, macroscopic composites.
Preparation procedures, special properties, applications.
C)
Polymeric Materials: 8L
Molecular
shape, structure and configurations, crystallinity, stress-strain behavior,
thermal behavior, polymer types and their applications, conducting and
Ferro-electric polymers.
Unit III : A) High
Tc Materials: 9L
Defect
perovskites, high Tc superconductivity in cuprates, preparation and
characterization of 1-2-3 and 2-1-4 materials, normal state properties;
anisotropy; temperature dependence of electrical resistance; superconducting
state; applications of high Tc materials.
B)
Thin Films 6L
Preparation
techniques; evaporation/ sputtering, chemical processes, MOCVD, sol-gel etc.
growth techniques, properties and applications of thin films.
C)
Ionic Conductors: 9L
Mechanism
of ionic conduction, interstitial jumps (Frenkel); vacancy mechanism, diffusion
superionic conductors; phase transitions and mechanism of conduction in
superionic conductors, examples and applications of ionic conductors.
Unit IV : A) Materials
for Solid State Devices: 6L
Rectifiers,
transistors IV-V compounds, optical properties.
B)
Organic Solids, Fullerenes,: 9L
Electrically
conducting solids, organic charge transfer complex, organic metals, organic
superconductors, magnetism in organic materials.
Fullerenes-doped,
Fullerenes as superconductors.
C)
Molecular Devices: 9L
Optical
storage memory and switches-sensors.
Nonlinear
optical materials; nonlinear optical effects, second and third order-molecular
hyperpolarisability and second order electric susceptibility-materials for
second and third harmonic generation.
Unit V : A) Liquid
Crystals: 9L
Mesomorphic
behavior, thermotropic liquid crystals, positional order, bond orientational
order, nematic and sematic mesophases; sematic-nematic transition and clearing
temperature-homeotropic, planar and schlieren textures, twisted nematics chiral
nematics, molecular arrangement in sematic A and sematic C phases, optical
properties of liquid crystals. Dielectric susceptibility and dielectric
constants. Lyotropic phases and their description of ordering in liquid
crystals.
B)
General properties of Liquids: 9L
Liquids
as dense gases, liquids as disordered solids, some thermodynamic relations,
internal pressure and its significance in liquids. Different types of
intermolecular forces in liquids.
C)
Theory of Liquids: 6L
Theory of liquids,
partition function method or model approach; single cell models, communal
energy and entropy.
Books Suggested
1. Material
Science and Engineering, An Introduction, W.D.Callister, Wiley.
2. Principles
of the solid state, H.V.Keer, Wiley Eastern.
3. Materials
Science, J.C.Anderson, K.D.Leaver, J.M.Alexander and R.D.Rawlings, ELBS.
4. Therotropic
Liquid Crystals, Ed. G.W.Gray, Wiley.
5. Handbook
of liquid crystals, Kelkar and Hatz, Chemie Verlag.
6. An
Introduction to liquid state, P.A.Egelstaff, Academic Press.
7. The
Dynamic Liquid State, A.F.M.Barton, Longman.
8. The
Liquid State, J.A.Pryde.
9.
Significant Liquid structures, H.Eyring and M.S.John.
10. Solid
State Chemistry, D.K.Chakrabarty, New Age International,1996.
11.
Electronic Structure and Chemistry of solids, P.A.Cox, Oxford University Press,
1991.
12. Physical
Chemistry of Surfaces, A.W.Adamson, John Wiley & Sons, 1990.
13. Solid
State Chemistry and its applications, A.R.West, John Wiley & Sons, 1989.
14. Industrial
Chemistry, B.K.Sharma, GOEL Publishing House, Meerut.
*****
M.Sc.II.
Paper IV
Physical Chemistry (Special
Paper-II)
Total lectures : 120 hours, 4 hours per week, 24 lectures per
unit. 75
Marks.
Unit I : Polymers
(a)
Basic concepts: 8L
Monomers,
repeat units, degree of polymerization. Linear, branched and network polymers.
Classification of polymers. Polymerization: condensation, addition, radical
chain-ionic and co-ordination and copolymerization. Polymerization conditions
and polymer reactions. Polymerization in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems.
(b)
Polymer Characterization: 8L
Polydispersion-average
molecular weight concept. Number, weight and viscosity average molecular
weights. Polydispersity and molecular weight distribution. The practical
significance of molecular weight. Measurement of molecular weights. End-group,
viscosity, light scattering, osmotic and ultracentrifugation methods. Analysis
and testing of polymers, chemical analysis of polymers, spectroscopic methods,
X-ray diffraction study. Microscopy. Thermal analysis and physical testing-tensile
strength. Fatigue, impact. Tear resistance. Hardness and abrasion resistance.
(c) Polymer Processing: 8L
Plastics,
elastomers and fibers. Compounding. Processing techniques: Calendering, die
casting, rotational casting, film casting, injection molding, blow molding,
extrusion molding, thermoforming, foaming, reinforcing and fiber spinning.
Unit II : (a) Structure
of polymers: 8L
Morphology
and order in crystalline polymers configurations of polymer chains. Crystal
structures of polymers. Morphology of crystalline polymers, strain induced
morphology, crystallization and melting.
(b) Properties and Structure : 8L
Polymer
structure and physical properties, crystalline melting point Tm- melting points
of homogenious series, effect of chain flexibility and other steric factors,
entropy and heat of fusion. The glass transition temperature, Tg-Relationship
between Tm and Tg, effect of molecular weight, diluents, chemical structure,
chain topology, branching and crossing linking. Property requirements and
polymer utilization.
(c) Properties
of Commercial Polymers: 8L
Polyethylene,
polyvinyl chloride, polyamides, polyesters, phenolic resins, epoxy resins and
silicone polymers. Functional polymers- electrically conducting polymers.
Unit III : Nuclear
Chemistry & Radiation Chemistry:
(a)
Properties of nucleons and nuclear
models: 6L
Mechanical
effects due to orbiting and spinning of nucleons. Magnetic properties of
nucleons, nuclear magnetic resonance , Mossbauer effect, electric quadrupole
moment of nuclides. Fermi gas model, collective model and optical model.
(b)
Nuclear reactions and reactors: 6L
Types
of nuclear reactions, reaction cross section, specific nuclear reactions,
photo-nuclear reactions and thermal nuclear reactions. Fusion reactors,
critical size of thermal reactor, Breeder reactor. Nuclear waste management.
(c) Applications of radioactivity: 4L
Szillard-Chalmers
reaction, cow milking systems as tracers and as source of electricity.
(d) Radiation Chemistry: 8L
Radio-isotope
sources, particle accelerators, dosimetric terms and units of dosimetry, calorimetry, ionization
measurements, chemical dosimetry, Fricke dosimeter, Ceric sulphate dosimeter,
dosimetry in pulse radiolysis.
Solid
excited molecules, free radical due to radiation pulse radiolysis, radiation
effects on gases ( i.e. H2, N2, O2,
methane), on water, on biological systems. Maximum permissible dose and lethal
dose.
Applications
of radiation in chemical synthesis, industrial processes, sterilization,
polymerization, polymer modification, waste treatment, food preservation.
Unit IV : Advanced Chemical Dynamics:
A.
Gas phase reactions: 8L
Thermodynamic
formulation of transition state theory for bimolecular reactions. Symmetry
numbers and statistical factors, prediction of pre-exponential factors.
Transmission coefficient, isotopic effect, quantum mechanical tunneling,
reactions of muonium.
B.
Reactions in solutions: 8L
Cage
effect, encounter complexes and diffusion effect, full diffusion controlled and
partial diffusion controlled reactions. Influence of ionic strength for
reaction between ions. Problems based on chemical dynamics.
C.
Reaction dynamics: 8L
Molecular-dynamical
calculations for H+H2 and Br+H2 reactions.
Chemiluminescence method of highly diluted flames & diffusion flames,
molecular beams, stripping mechanism.
Unit V : Electrochemistry:
A. Sources of Energy: 8L
Thermodynamic
efficiency of energy conversion, photochemical methods, energy from solar
radiations, solar cells (I) Silicon solar cell (ii) Cadmium sulfide cuprous
sulfide solar cell. Photochemical processes at semiconductor electrodes, photodecomposition
of water – Honda cell.
B. Fuel cells: 8L
(i)Hydrogen-Oxygen
fuel cell (ii) Hydrocarbon- air fuel cell.
C. Electric storage cells: 8L
(i)
Lead-Acid storage battery, (ii) Edison cell, (iii) Nickel-Cadmium cell (iv) Sodium-Sulphur
cell.
List of Books
1. Solar
energy utilization G. D. Rai, khanna
publication
2. Non
conventional energy G. D. Rai, khanna publication
3. Fuel
Cells A. M. C. Dangall.
4. Physical
Chemistry, P. W. Atkins.
5. Introduction
to Radiation chemstry J. W. T. Spinks and R.J. Woods
6. Essentials
of Nuclear Chemistry H. J. Arnikar.
7. Fundamentals
of Photochemistry K. K. Rohatgi and Mukherji.
8. Electrochemistry,
Philip H. Rieger, Prentice Hall international inc.
9. Modern
Electrochemistry, Vol. 2 Bockaris and Raddy.
10. Text book
of Polymer Science, F. W. Billmeyer Jr. Wiley.
11. Polymer
Science V. R. Gowarikar, N. V. Vishwanathan and J. Sreedhar, Wiley-Eastern.
12. Chemical
Kinetics, K.J.Laidler, 3rd Ed. Harper and Row, 1987.
13. Chemical
Kinetics: A Study of Reaction rates in solution, K.A.Connors, V.C.H.
Publications. 1990
14. Chemical
Kinetics and Dynamics, J.I.Steinfeld, J.S.Francisco and W.L.Hase, Prentice
Hall, 1989.
15. Kinetics
and Mechanism of Chemical Transfomations, J. Rajaraman and J. Kuriacose,
McMillan.
*****
M.Sc.Part-II
Paper-III
(Industrial chemistry special paper-I)
Total Lectures : 120 Hours, 4 Hours/week, 24 Hours/unit Total
Marks : 75
Unit-I : A) Catalysis
: Introduction, types, homogeneous & heterogeneous, Basic principles,
mechanism, factors affecting the performance, introduction to phase transfer
catalysis.
Industrial catalysts :
Raney nickel, other forms of nickel, palladium and supported palladium, copper
chromate, vanadium & platinum based catalyst.
Aluminium alkoxides,
titanium tetrachloride & titanates, titanium dioxide & Zeigler Natta
catalyst and zeolite catalysts.
B)
Chemical processes for the manufacture of Heavy chemical like - Soda ash, bicarbonates,
chlorine, caustic soda, bleaching power, calcium carbides and acids like H2SO4, HCl, HNO3,
H3Po4
(10 periods)
Unit-II : A) Industrial
Gases : Heavy chemicals and Production of gases. Chemistry, manufacture,
storage, Hazards & uses. - Hydrogen, Oxygen, nitrogen, carbondioxide,
chlorine, fluorine So2, phosgene, acetylene, argon, neon &
helium.
Fertilizers: Fertilizer industries in India,
Manufacture of Ammonium salts, Urea, nitrates, Ammonia, Nitrogenous
fertilizers, phosphatic fertilizers, superphosphates, complex fertilizers,
nitrogen fixation.
B) Cement : Types of cement,
manufacture- processes, and setting of cement.
Glass
: Types, their composition & properties, manufacture of glass fitness,
optical glass, coloured glasses, Lead glass and neutron absorbing glass.
Ceramics: Introduction, types, manufacturing
process, applications & refractories.
Unit-III : A) Materials
of construction for chemical plant.
i) Metals and Alloys :Copper, Aluminium,Nickel, titanium and
their alloys. Mechanical & chemical properties and their applications.
ii) Corrosion : Types of corrosion relevant to chemical industries,
mechanism & prevention methods.
iii) Polymeric Materials :
Industrial polymer and composite materials, their constitution, chemical and
physical properties, industrial applications.
B) Fundamentals of Heat transfer :
i) Methods of heat
transfer, Fourier’s law, Newton’s law, heat transfer by Conductance, by
Convection and by radiation. Heat exchanger, types of heat exchanger, overall
heat transfer, co-efficient double pipe heat exchanger, Shell & tube type
etc.
ii) Fluid flow: fluid flow
phenomenon, introduction, Laminar flow, Turbulant flow, Reynold’s number,
Bernoull’s equation , Fans, blowers, compressors, pumps etc.
Unit-IV :
Unit Operations and Unit Processes :-
A) i)
Distillation : Flash
distillation,differential distillation, rectification, plate columns, packed
columns.
ii) Gas Absorption:
Introduction,equipments, packed columns, spray column, mechanically agitated
contacters.
iii) Evaporation : Introduction, short tube evaporator, forced
circulation evaporator, falling film, climbing film, agitated evaporators.
iv) Filtration : Introduction, Filter media, filter aids, equipments
sparkler filter, sand filters, bag filters, rotary drum filter etc. centrifuge.
v) Crystallisation : Introduction, solubility, supersaturation,
nucleation, crystal growth, equipments tank crystallizer, Swenson-Walker
crystallizer, Oslo crystallizer.
vi) Drying : Introduction, free moisture, bound moisture, drying
curve, equipments: tray dryer, fluid bed dryer, drum dryer.
B) Material
Balance without chemical reactions, flow diagram, with or without recycle or
by-pass for above processes.
Material Balance
involving chemical reactions. Concept of limiting reactant, conversion, purge
operation and energy balance.
Unit processes in organic
chemicals manufacture with one or two examples such as Nitration, Sulphonation,
Halogenation.
Unit-V : Industrial Management & Economics and
Safety:-
A. Chemical Process Economics:-
Factors involved in
project cost, estimation methods employed for the estimation of capital investment.
Methods of determining
depreciation.
Competitive &
monopoly markets, some aspects of marketing, profitability criterion.
Economics of selecting
alternatives.
Break even point,
production scheduling.
B. Industrial Management.
- Concept of scientific
management in industry.
Functions of management:
Decision making, planning, organising, Material management, Inventory control,
Information system & decision making.
C. Safety :
General occupational
safety, flammable materials. Handling, fuel fighting equipments, control
measures for Toxic chemicals. Safety with chemical engineering. operations,
hazardous chemical process. Safety in Laboratories and pilot plant. Safety in
transportation & storage of chemicals, management of safety & loss
prevention.
Books for Paper-III
(Industrial
Chemistry Special Paper-I)
1. Manual
of Chemical technology Vol.I & II by Venketesharul, Educational Development
Centre IJT, Madras, 1977.
2. Chemical
Processes Industries by R.N.Shreve & M J.A.Brink , Mc Graw Hill LTD 4th Ed.12977.
3. Charles
E.Dryden Outline of Chemical Technology Edited by M.Gopal Rao and Marshall
Siting, East West Press 2nd Ed. 1973.
4. Catalysis
in Theory & Practice, ridder, E.K. and Taylor,H.S.
5. Phase
Trensfer Catalysis, Principles and Techniques, Starles, C.
6. Surface
Chemistry by J.J.Bikermann, Academic Press
7. Physical
Chemistry of Surfaces, A.W.Aclamson.
8. Material
Science , O.P.Khanna, Khanna Publishers, Delhi.
9. Engineering
Chemistry by Dr.S.S.Dara.
10. Text
Book Industrial Chemistry, Pragati Agencies Pune-2.
11. McCabe
and Smith, Unit Operations of Chemical Engineerting, Mc Graw Hill.
12. Budger
and Banchero, Introduction to Chemical Engineering Mac graw Hill.
13. Heat
and Mass Transfer By A.G.Gavane, Nirali Prakashan, Pune.Vol.I & II.
14. Heat
Transfer by Arora and Damkondwar, Pune.
15. Economics
of Chemical Industry, Hempel. E.M.
16. Industrial
Organization & Management, Bethal
L.L.
M.SC.PART-II
PAPER-IV
(INDUSTRIAL
CHEMISTRY SPECIAL PAPER-II)
Total
lectures : 120 Hours,
4 Hours per
week,
24 lectures per
unit.
Unit-I : Petroleum
Refining and Petrochemical Technology:
A) Petroleum refining practice
- Petroleum Refining in India
- Indian Standards for Motor gasoline, Kerosene and Diesel
- Atmospheric and vacuum distillation of crude
- Petroleum coking and visbreaking
- Fluidised catalytic cracking, catalytic reforming, catalytic
alkylation, catalytic isomerisation.
- Hydrocracking & Hydrotreating
- Lube processing.
B) Petrochemical Industry.:
- Petrochemical Industry in India.
- Petrochemical Feed stocks.
- Naphtha cracking & separation and purification of olefins
to get ethylene, propylene, butylene etc..
- Manufacture of BTX aromatics
- Butadiene & Xylenes separation techniques.
- Important monomers like, Styrene, DMT & Caprolactum
- Methane (C1
chemicals) & its important derivatives synthesis gas etc.
- Ethane, ethylene & acetylene (C2 chemicals) and their derivatives.
- Propane (C3
chemicals) & its important derivatives.
- Butane (C4
chemicals) & its important derivatives.
Unit-II : Agrochemicals and Dyes:
A) Inorganic
insecticides : - Arsenic insecticides, fluoro insecticides.
Insecticides of plant
origins: - Nicotine, nornicotine, pyrethroides, ratenoids, analagin, allethnin.
Chlorinated hydrocarbons
:- DDT, dilan sulphenex, DFDT, endosulphan.
Organophosphorus
Insecticides:-
Dithiophoshoric acid
derivatives:- Melathion, dimethoate, dimecron.
Diphosphoric acid
derivatives :- Parathion, methyl parathion, thiophos, chlorthion, paraoxon.
Pyrophosphoric acid
derivatives.
Sulphotepp, sohhradan.
Other organophosphorus
Insecticides.
Isopertox, trichlorofin.
Carbamate insecticides.
Carlang, isolom,
phyrolan, baygon.
Fungicides :-
Inorganic Fungicides:-
Sulphur, limesulphur,
copper sulphate, Bordeaux paste, Bordeaux paint, Burgundy, copper oxychloride.
Organomercuric
compounds:-
Ethyl mercuric chloride,
cereasn Dithiocarbamates - Ziram, thiram, Zinc, Captan.
Miscallaneous fungicides
:- Polpet, Bavistin.
B. Dyes:-
i) Chemistry of dyes:- Introduction, classification of
dyes on the basis of structure and the mode of application to the fibre. Colour
and chemical constitution of dyes. General methods of preparation of important azodyes, Cyanindyes and
anthraquinone vat dyes
ii) Chemistry of intermediates :- Introduction to the
history of dyes. Natural to synthetic dyes.
Benzene
Intermediates:-Chloronitrobenzene Nitroanilines, diaminobenzenes.
Naphthalene
intermediates:- Napthyl sulphuric acids, Napthyl amine sulphuric acids.
Anthraquinone intermediates &
Miscallaneous
(i)
Amino anthraquinones, methyl & methylamino anthraquinones,
Disperse dye intermediates, disperse - reactive intermediates.
iii)
Analysis & applications of dyes :-
Different
methods used in analysis, Nitrate value
determination, Coupling value, titanus chloride reduction, metal
estimations - Cu, Ni, Cr etc.
Dyeing
methods :- Dyeing methods for direct, Acid, reactive, disperse, vat, Cataionic,
Sulphur, Indigo and azoics.
Unit-III : Pharmaceuticals:-
A) Product profile study of the following drugs
and drug intermediates with particular stress on the manufacturing process
engineering problems involved, quality control, equipment and economics:
(i) Sulpha drugs :-
sulphaguanidine, sulphamethoxazole.
(ii) Antimicrobial:- chloramphenicol, Streptomycin, Tetracyclines
cifron.
(iii) Analgesic:- anti inflammatory, Acetyl Salicyclic acid, Ibuprofen, paracetamol.
(iv) Vitamin - Vit. A, Vit. B6,
Vit. C.
(v) Barbiturates :- Pentobarbital.
(vi) Beta-Blockers :- Proranolol, atenolol, Beta-Nifedine,
(Antihypertension)
(vii) Cardiovascular agent :- Methyldopa, enalaprilmaleate, Benazeprill.
(viii) Antihistamines - Chloropheneramine maleate.
(ix) Antidepressants - Resperidone, sertraline.
(x) Anticancer drugs & antiaids.
B) Relationship of Chemical Structure and
Biological activities of the
drugs, Drugs screening, receptor theory
and drug penodi design.
Unit IV :
Polymers :-
1) Nomenclature, classification of polymer :
Natural and synthetic polymers, organic and inorganic polymers, thermoplastic
and thermosetting polymers, plastics elastomers, fibres and liquid resin, block
& graft co-polymers.
2) Types of polymerisation: Addition (chain):
Polymerisation- free
radical, ionic, coordination and their mechanism, condensation (step)
polymerisation - polycondensation, polyaddition, ring opening, linear and
cross-linked and their mechanism, co-polymerisation.
3) Techniques of polymerisation: Bulk,
solution, suspension and emulsion polymerisation.
4) Molecular weight and size : Number-average
and weight-average molecular weights, viscosity-average molecular weight,
degree of polymerisation, significance of polymer molecular weight, size of
polymer molecule; Molecular weight determination: by Cryoscopy, Osmometry
(membrane & vapour phase), end group analysis, viscometry and light
scattering methods.
5) Physical characteristics of polymers :
Glass transition temperature and crystallinity of polymer, Determination of
glass transition temperature.
6) Characterisation of polymers: By TGA, DTA,
DSC, IR & NMR methods.
7) Manufacture, porperties and uses of
following polymers:
i) Natural and synthetic rubber
ii) Synthetic fibers - polyesters, polyamides, rayons
iii) Synthetic plastics: Polyoliefins, polyurathanes
iv) Silicones
UNIT V :
Pulp, Paper and Sugar Industries :
A) PULP AND PAPER TECHNOLOGY:-
(a) Chemistry of paper making, raw-material
- physical
properties of wood, classification of woods, plants used in pulp and paper,
grass.
- chemical
composition of wood , non-weedy fibers used in pulping.
- Lignin
- lignification in wood, chemical aspects of lignin formation.
- structure
and properties of lignin.
(b) Pulping:-
- Preparation of pulp, wood, cheeps
- Manufacture of mechanical pulp, woods used,
types, grades and uses.
- Equipments for ground wood pulping process
- Semichemical pulping , wood preparation,
digesters
- Steam cooking
- Utilisation of secondary fibres.
- Rag pulping.
(c) Bleaching
- Bleaching of wood pulp - Bleaching
practice
- Stock preparation - Internal Sizing
of papers
- Filling -
Additives
Paper Manufacture
- types of paper machine - sheet
formation
- press section - drying
of papers
- Cylinder mould type - calendering
- speciality papers - injection moulding
B] SUGAR INDUSTRIES:
Manufaturing of sugar
From sugar cane: Introduction, Agriculture, Harvesting, preparation of cane for
milling, Juice extraction, diffusion, juice purification, evaporation,
crystallization (Production of raw sugar) Centrifugation, sugar refining,
decolourisation, purification, filtration, crystallization grade analysis.
Analysis of Bagasse &
Molasses
By products of sugar
industry
Sugar industries in
Maharashtra
List of Books for
Paper-IV
(Industrial
Chemistry Special Paper-II)
1. Modern Petroleum Technology by G.D.Hobson
and W.Pohl.
2.
Petroleum Refining Engineering by
W.L.Nelson
3.
Petroleum Refining Technology and
Economics by J.H.Gary and
G.E.Hardwork
4.
The Petroleum Chemical Industry by
Goldstein and Waddams
5.
Petroleum Processing Handbook by
W.E.Bland & R.L.Davidson
6.
A Text on Petrochemicals by
Dr.B.K.Bhaskar Rao Khanna Publishers,
New Delhi.
7.
Modern Petroleum Refining Processes
by Dr.B.K.Bhaskar Rao, Oxford,
I.B.H., 1984.
8.
Petroleum Products Handbook -
V.B.Guthrie.
9.
Pesticides - Color Publications,
P.L.Bombay.
10.
Elements of plant protection by
L.L.Pyenson, John Wiley & Sons.
11.
Chemistry of Pesticides by
N.N.Melnikov Springer - Verlag, New York.
12.
Fungicides in Plant Disease Control,
by Y.L.Nene Oxford & IBH Publishing Company, New Delhi.
13.
Methods of Pesticide Analysis, By Sree
Ramuly, U.I. Oxford and IBH Publisher.
14.
Synthetic Dyes by Venkatram (Vol. I
& II)
15.
Chemical Process Industries by Shreve
and Brink (Jr.)
16.
Fundamental Processes of Dye Chemistry
by Fietz.
17.
Dyes & Intermediates by Abrahaedt.
18.
ISI Bulletin for the Specifications
of Products listed in Papers 5,6 & 7.
19.
Indian Pharmacopoeia, 1985.
20.
British Pharmacopoeia, 1990.
21.
Pharmaceutical Dosage forms.
22.
Text Book of Organic Medicinal and
Pharmaceutical Chemistry by Wilson, Gisvold, Degge; Lippinett Toppan.
23.
Essentials of Medicinal Chemistry by
Korolkovas and Burkhatter - Wiley - Inter science.
24.
Text Book of Polymer Science by F.Bill
Mayer, Wiley Inter science.
25.
Polymer Science by V.Gowarikar,
N.Viswanathan & J.Sreedhar, New Age International (p) Ltd. Publishers, New
Delhi.
26.
Physical Chemistry of Polymers by
D.D.Deshpande, Tata McGraw - Hill.
27.
Principles of Polymer Chemistry by
P.J.Flory Cornell Univ. Press.
28.
Introduction to Polymer Chemistry by
R.B.Seymour, McGraw Hill.
29.
Laboratory Preparation of Macro
Chemistry, By E.M.M. Effery, McGraw Hill.
30.
A Practical course in Polymer
Chemistry by S.J.Pnnea, Pergamon Press.
31.
Pulp & Paper Chemistry &
Chemical Technology by James P. Casey.
32.
The Chemistry of Cellulose by Emit
Ptauseg, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
*****
M.Sc.Part-II
practical-I (compulsory)
analytical chemistry
list of practicals
Time : 6-8 hours (One day) 6
Hours/week50 Marks
A minimum of 20 out of 25 exercises should be performed. The
computer should be used in atleast ten experiments involving extensive
calculations and graphs.
1) Simultaneous
spectrophotometric determination of -
i) Chromium and Manganese
ii) Titanium and Vanadium.
iii)Cobalt
and Chromium
2) Determinations
of Pk value of acid-base indicators (Methyl red / Methylene blue / Bromocresol
purple) by spectrophotometry.
3) Photometric
titration of ferric ion with salicyclic acid and Cu-EDTA.
4) Determination
of dissociation constant of a polybasic acids potentiometrically (Oxalic /
Phosphoric)
5) Estimation
of mixture of halides by Potentiometric method.
6) Pk
values of sparingly soluble acid by potentiometry.
7) Conductometric
titrations of mixture of acids and salts.
8) Determination
of the strength of commercial phosphoric acid / vinegar by conductometric
titrations.
9) Analysis
of Aspirin by conductometric and potentiometric methods.
10) Determination
of Half wave potential of metal ions by polarography.
11) Simultaneous
determination of suitable metal ions by polorography.
12) Analysis
of Malathion by Polarography.
13) Determination
of Na, K, Li and Ca by Flame Photometry individually and mixtures.
14) Determination
of capacity of anion and cation exchange resins by column method.
15) Separation
and estimation of Fe2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ by anion exchange.
16) Separation
and estimation of -
i) Cobalt and Nickel
ii) Calcium and Zinc and
iii) Zinc and Magnesium by anion exchange.
17) Separation
and estimation of Halide by anion exchanges.
18) Separation
and estimation of Fe+3 and Mg+2 by solvent extraction.
19) Solvent
extraction of binary mixtures i.e. Al/Mg, Mg/VO2, Cu/Ni,
Cu/Co etc. and Quantitative determination by spectrophotometry.
20) Nickel
/ Molybdenum / tungston / Vanadium / Uranium etc.by extractive
spectrophotometric method.
21) Separation,
identification and Quantitiative determination of metal ions by paper
chromatography. (Ascending/descending/ circular/ 2D etc.)
22) Separation
and identification of sugars/honey :
Glucose
+ Fructose + Sucrose by paper chromatography and determination of Rf.
23) Thin
layer chromatographic separation and identification of -
i) Metal ions (Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn etc.)
ii) Amino acids/Organic Compounds
iii) Sulpha drugs in tablets and Ointments.
24) Water
analysis :
i) Determination of hardness,alkalinity,
Halides, Fluoride, Nitrite, Nitrate and Sulphate.
ii) Determination of DO, COD and BOD.
iii) Determination of toxic metals viz As, Cd, Pb,
Cr, Hg and Ni in water and Waste water by suitable method.
25) Estimation
of oxygen and Carbondioxide in a mixture by Orsat apparatus.
Books :
1.
Day and Underwood : Quantitative
Analysis
2.
A.I.Vogal : A
text book of quantitative Analysis
3.
Flaschka : EDTA
Titration
4.
Meites and Thomas : Advanced
Analytical Chemistry
5.
G.W.Ewing : Instrumental
methods of Chemical Analysis.
6.
R.S.Drago : Physical
methods in Inorganic Chemistry
7.
G.D.Christian : Analytical
Chemistry
8.
S.M.Khopkar : Basic
Concepts of Analytical Chemistry
9.
Kolltath and Ligane : Polarography
10.
Braun : Instrumental methods of Chemical Analysis
11.
Willard, Merritt & Dean : Instrumental methods of Analysis
12.
Strouts,Crifillan and : Analytical Chemistry Wilson
13.
J.W.T.Spinks and : Introductions
to Radiation
R.J.Woods
Chemistry
14.
S.A.Skoog and D.W. : Fundamentals of Analytical
West
Chemistry
15. R.V.Dilts
: Analytical Chemistry
16) A.I.Vogel - A text book quantitative
Inorganic analysis.
17) D.V.Jahagirdar - Experiments in Chemistry.
18) T.K.Chondhekar - Systematic experiments
in physical chemistry.
19) G.J.Wlehov - Standard method of chemical
analysis, 6th Edn.
20) G.D.Cheristian - Analytical Chemistry, 6th Edn.
21) Willard, Merritt & Dean - Instrumental
Method of Analysis.
* Distribution of Marks :
i) Exercise-I - 20 Marks
ii) Exercise-II - 15 Marks
iii) Practical
Record - 10 Marks
iv) Viva-Voce - 05 Marks
-----------------------------------------------------------
Total - 50 Marks
-----------------------------------------------------------
*****
M.Sc.Part-II
practical-II
(Inorganic chemistry special)
Time : 14-16 hours (Two days) 12
Hours/week Marks : 150
The computer should be used in experiments involving
calculation and graphs.
Unit-I : Quantitative Inorganic
Analysis :
1) Determination of calcium, magnesium,
phosphates and chloride from biological fluids (urine etc.)
2) Detection and determination of ascorbic
acid / Vitamin A from biological sample.
3) Extraction and absorption spectral study
of chlorophylls from green leaves.
4) Biological study of coordination
compounds (Antibacterial / Antifungal etc.)
5) Determination of Phosphorous from plant
sample / serum by spectrophotometry.
6) Determination of iron from pharmaceutical
samples and coordination compounds.
7) Determination of calcium in calcium
sandoz / calcium lactate etc by complexemetry.
8) Analysis of talcum and nyclin powders
(Mg-complexometry, Zno / H3BO3)
9) Determination of iron in soap bar.
10) Determination of EDTA in detergent and shampoos.
11) Determination of fluoride content in the
tooth paste and industrial effluents.
12) Determination
of iron, calcium and phosphorous in milk powder.
13) Determination of Cobalt and Silver from
coordination compounds and laboratory waste.
14) Analysis of cement / paint / soil.
Unit-II : Study of complex
formation :
1) To determine the formula and formation of
a complex by spectrophotometry (Job's, Mole / Slope-ratio methods)
2) To determine stepwise proton - ligand and
metal - ligand stability constant of complex by Irving-Rossotti methods.
3) To determine the instability constant
of complex by potentiometry (AgNH3,
thiosulphate)
4) To determine the composition and
formation constant of a Fe-SSA complex by conductometry.
5) Determination of composition and
stability constant of complex by polarography.
Unit-III : Inorganic Reaction
Mechanism :
Kinetics
and mechanism of following reactions.
1) Substitution reactions in octahedral
complexes (Acid/Base hydrolysis)
2) Redox reaction in octahedral complexes.
3) Isomerism reaction of octahyedral
complexes.
4) Enzyme kinetics in presence of metal
ions.
5) To determine the corrosion rate of metal
strip.
6) To study the 1,10 phenanthroline as
corrosion inhibiter for mild steel in sulphuric acid.
7) To study the adsorption and desorption of
gases on heterogenous catalyst.
Unit-IV : Solid State :
1)
Preparation of oxides and mixed
oxides (Mn2O3 ,
NiO, Cu2O, Fe3O4,
ZnFe2O4, ZnMn2O4,
CuMn2O4 and NiFe2O4.)
2) Preparation of Silica and Alumina by
Sol-Gel technique.
3) To study the electrical conductivity of
ferrites, Magnetites, doped oxides and pure samples and determine band gap
energy.
Unit-V : Synthesis and
Characterisation :
1) Synthesis of metal complexes / polymers /
lanthanide complexes and their
structural characterizations by possible physical methods such as : elemental
analysis, m.p., solubility, MW, molar conductance, magnetic, IR and electronic
spectral data (Minimum five)
Unit-VI : Spectral Interpretation :
Spectral
interpretation of complexes / compounds (UV, IR, NMR, Mass XRD etc.)
Practical - II
Distribution of Marks :
i) Exercise-1
based on Unit-I - 35 Marks
ii) Exercise-2 based on Unit-II, III & IV - 35
Marks
iii) Exercise-3 based on Unit-IV & V - 30 Marks
iv) Exercise-4 based on Unit-VI - 15 Marks
v) Record - 20 Marks
vi) Viva-Voce - 15 Marks
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total - 150 Marks
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
List of Books for practicals :
1) Inorganic
Experiments, J.Derek Woollins, VCH.
2) Microscale
Inorganic Chemistry, Z. Szafran, R.M.Pike and M.M.Singy, Wiley.
3) Practical
Inorganic Chemistry, G.Marr and B.W.
Rockett, Van Nostrand.
1) A.I.Vogel : A Text Books of Quantitative Inorganic
Analysis
2) D.V.Jahagirdar : Experiments
in Chemistry
(Himalaya
Publishing House)
3) R.M.Verma : Analytical Chemistry 3rd ed.
(Theory
and Practice)
4) Yu.Lyalikov : Physicochemical
Analysisc (Mir Publishers)
5) G.J.Wlcher : Standard
Methods of Chemical
Analysis
6th Ed.
(Kreger
Publishing Company)
6) D.A.Skoog & : Fundamentals
of Analytical
D.M.West : Chemistry,
Holt, Rehehart and
Winstone
1969.
7) W.L.Jolly : The Synthesis and Characterisation on
Inorganic Compounds Practice-hall 1970
8) Jayaraman J. : Laboratory
Mannual in Biochemistry, Wiley eastern 1981.
9) Vogel A.I. : A
Text Book of Practical Organic Chemistrty, Longmans
10) W.F.Hillebrand : Applied
Inorganic Analysis; John Willey & Sons
11)
Ewing : Instrumental Method of Analysis
12) E.C.Subbarao, Tata : Experiments in material science
Mcgraw Hill
*****
M.Sc.Part-II
organic chemistry special
practicals
practicals ii
Duration 14 to 16 Hours (2 days) 12-Hours/week
Marks : 150
Unit-I : Qualitative analysis :
Separation and identification of the components of a
mixture of three organic compounds (three solids, two solids and one liquid,
two liquids and one solid, and all the three liquids) using chemical methods or
physical techniques. Purification of the compounds by crystallization,
chromotographic techniques. (Minimum of 12 mixtures to be do done)
Unit-II : Multistep Organic Synthesis :
The exercises should illustrate the use of organic
reagents and may involve the purification of the compounds by using
chromotographic techniques (minimum 10 preparations are to be done).
1) Photochemical reaction
Benzophenone--Benpinacol--Benzopinecolone.
2) Beckmann Rearrangement : Benzanilide from
Benzene.
Benzene--Benophonone--Benzonophenone
oxime--Benzanilide.
3) Benzilic acid rearrangement.
Benzaldehyde--Benzoin--Benzil--Benzilic
acid.
4) Synthesis of heterocyclic compound.
Skarup
synthesis. Preparation of quinoline from aniline.
5) Fischer-Indole synthesis; preparation of
2-phenyl indole from phenyl hydrazine.
6) Hantzch synthesis of 2-amino thiazole.
7) Preparation of P-Bromoaniline frrom
aniline.
8) Preparation of P-nitroaniline from
aniline.
9) 2-Hydroxy Chalcone from p-cresol.
10) 6-Methylflavone from
2-hydroxy-5-methyl-acetophenone.
11) Preparation of 8-acetyl-7-hydroxy-4-methyl
coumarin.
12) Preparation of PABA from p-Toludine.
13) Synthesis of unsymmetrical thiourea.
14) Stereospecific reduction of benzoin with
NaBH4.
15) Chemo selective reduction of
3-Nitroacetophenone.
16) Preparation of Eosin from phthalic
anhydride.
17) Preparation of m-nitroaniline from benzene.
18) Preparation of 2-aminobenzothiozole from
aniline.
Unit-III : a) Extraction
of Organic Compounds from natural sources.
1) Isolation of caffine from tea leaves.
2) Isolation of casein from milk.
3) Isolation of lactose from milk.
4) Isolation of nicotine from tobacco.
5) Isolation of piperine from black paper.
6) Isolation of lycopene from tomatoes.
7)
Isolation of b-carotene
from carrots.
b) Organic Estimation.
1) Estimation of nitrogen.
2) Estimation of halogen.
3) Estimation of sulphur.
Spectrophotometric
/ Calorimetric Estimation.
4) Estimation of sterptomycin sulphate.
5) Estimation of B-12.
6) Estimation of amino acids.
7) Estimation of proteins.
8) Estimation of carbohydrates.
9) Estimation of Ascorbic Acid.
10) Estimation of Asprin.
11)
Solvent extraction of oil from oil seeds and determination of saponification
value, Iodine value of the same oil.
Unit-IV : Structure
Elucidation of organic compounds on the basis of spectral data (UV, IR, PMR,
13CNMR, and Mass)
(Minimum 12 compounds are to be
analysed during regular practicals).
organic special practical
distribution of marks
Unit-I : Mixture analysis - 35
marks
Unit-II : Three stage preparation - 35
marks
Unit-III : Estimation / Isolation - 30
marks
Unit-IV : Spectral Interpretation - 15
marks
Record - 20 marks
Viva-voce - 15 marks
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total - 150 marks
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*****
M.Sc.II
Practical - II
Physical Chemistry Special Practical
Non-Instumental
Duration 2 days, 14- 16 hours. 12
Hours/week Marks 150
At
least 15 Experiments must be performed from each unit.
Unit-I : a) Thermodynamics :
1. Determination
of partial molar volume of solute (e.g.KCl) and solvent in a binary mixture.
2. Determination of the temperature dependent of
the solubility of a compound in two solvents in two similar intermolecular
interactions (benzonic acid) in water and in DMSO-water mixture) and calculate
the partial molar heat of solution.
3. To study the variation of the solubility of the
calcium sulphate with ionic strength and hence determine the thermodynamic
solubility product (complexometric titration with EDTA.
b) Chemical Kinetics :
1. To study the effect of Cu2+ and Ag+ ions on S2O82-- + I- reaction.
2. To study the kinetics of the decomposition of
violet colour (IV) Oxidation product of n-phenyl anthanilic acid.
3. To study the rate of dissociation of
tris-o-phenonthroline nickel (II) ion in acid solution.
4. To study the hydrolysis of tris
(1,10-phenanthroline) iron (II) Complex in acid solution.
5. To study the kinetics of reaction between
acetone and iodine in acetic medium by half life method and determine the order
with respect to Iodine and acetone.
6. To study the effect of solvent (DMSO-water,
DMF-water, Acetone-water system) on the rate of acid catalysed hydrolysis of
acetal by dilatometry.
7. To study the reaction between bromic acid and
hydroiodic acid.
c)
Heterogeneous equillibria :
1. To determine the formula of copper ammonia
complex by partition method.
2. To study the molecular complex formation
between picric acid and naphthalene by partition coefficient method (water and
CCl4 or CHCl3).
3. To determine the degree of hydrolysis and
hydrolytic constant for the hydrolysis of aniline hydrochloride by partition
method.
4. Separation and Determination of Fe (III) and Mg
(II) / Zn (II) using ethyl acetate / ether.
d)
Viscosity and surface tension :
1. To study the effect of pH on the viscosity of
colloidal solution (gelatin) and verification of Krascy-Ergen equation.
2. To determine the b value of KCl in water and 5%
sucrose solution.
3. To calculate the surface area of absorbed
alcohol molecule in a monolayer from surface tension measurements of acqueous
solutions of alcohol.
4. To investigate the relation between chain
length of alcohols and their ability to lower surface tension of water due to
adsorption at the water surface.
5. Salting effects of structure makers and
structure breaker salts on p-aminophenol in water and dioxane.
Unit-II : a) Cryoscopy :
1. To determine the molecular weight of benzonic
acid in benzene and find the degree of association by measuring lower in
freezing point.
2. To determine the diffusion coefficient of Co2+ through Egg membrane.
b) Cromotography :
1. Identify and seperate the components of a given
mixture of amino acid. (Glycine asparitic acid, glutamic acid and tyrosine) by
two dimensional paper chromatography.
2. Separation of the metal cations (Co, Ni, Zn,
Mn) and the Rf values by paper chromotography.
3. Separate and identify the sugar present in
honey by paper chromatography and find their Rf value.
Instrumental
The computer should be used in experiments involving extensive
calculations and graphs.
c) Transport number :
1) To determine the transport number of ions by
the moving boundary method.
2) To determine the transport number of ions by
the Hittorf's method.
d) Conductometry :
1) To determine normality of weak acid
conductometrically by Righellato and Devies method.
2) To determine simultaneously the pKa and Ka of
a weak acid by interactive method.
3) To determine the concentration of KCl
solution by titrating with standard AgNO2 by
conductomery.
4) To investigate the complexometric reaction
between KCl and Hg(ClO4)2
by conductomery.
Unit-III : a) Polarography and Amperometry :
1) To determine the dissolve oxygen in aqueous
solution of organic solvent.
2) Estimation of anions (bromide, iodide,
nitrate, dichromate)
3) To study the reduction of benzaldehyde in
acidic and basic solutions.
4) To determine the concentration of lead ion by
amperometric titration with potassium dichromate.
5) To determine the concentration of Fe3+ ion by
amperometric titration with titanous ion.
b) Spectrophotometry
:
1) To study the
absorption spectrum of a conjugated dye and verification of quantum mechanics
of particle in a one dimensional box.
2) To determine the nature and number of species
in a given sample by spectrophotometry.
3) Spectral measurements of phenolphthalein at
extreme acidic (pH<1) and extreme basic (pH>11) conditions.
4) Aggregation of methyl orange in water by
spectrophotometry and conductometry.
5) To determine the dimerization constant of
acridine orange in aqueous solution.
6) Determination of microscopic ionization
constants of cysteine.
C) Flame
Photometry :
1) Determination of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in tap water etc.
D) Electronics :
1) Measurements
of resistance with multimeter.
2) To measure the resistance of the given
ammeter.
3) Use of a Wheatstone Bridge for accurate measurement
of resistance.
4) Response characteristics of RC network.
5) Response characteristics of LR network.
6) Response characteristics of LCR network.
7) To plot the characteristic curve of a diode.
8) Half-wave and Full-wave rectifier.
9) Transister Characteristics.
10) Transistor amplifier.
11) Op-Amp as non-inverting and inverting
amplifier.
12) Simple integration differentiation with Op-Amp.
13) Four-probe method for resistivity measurement.
Unit-IV : Spectral interpretation for structrue elucidation of
complexes or compounds.
Books Suggested. :
1) Findley's
Practical Physical Chemistry, B.P.Levitt, Longman.
2) Practical
Physical Chemistry, A.M.James and F.E.Prichard, Longman.
3) Experimental
Physical Chemistry, R.C.Das and B.Behera, Tata McGraw Hill.
4) Advanced
Physical Chemistry experiments, Gurtu-Gurtu, Pragati Prakashan.
5) Experimental
Physical Chemistry, V.D.Athawale and Parul Mathur, New Age International.
6) Advanced
Practical Physical Chemistry, J.B.Yadao, Goel Pub.House.
7) Experiments
in Physical Chemistry, Dr.D.V.Jahagirdar.
8) Systematic
Experimental Physical Chemistry, Dr.T.K.Chondhekar & S.W.Rajbhoj.
9) Experiments
in Physical Chemistry, D.P.Shoemaker.
10) Post
Graduate Physical Chemistry Part-I by Patel, Turakhia, Kelkar, Puniyani,
Himalaya publishing house.
Distribution of Marks :
Exercise from Unit-I 35
marks
Exercise from Unit-II 35
marks
Exercise from Unit-III 30
marks
Exercise from Unit-IV 15
marks
Record 20
marks
Viva 15
marks
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Total
150
marks
--------------------------------------------------------------------
M.Sc.Part-II
practical-II
INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY Special
Practical
LIST OF PRACTICAL
Time : 14-16 hours (Two days) 12
Hours/week 150 Marks
Unit-I
1. Preparation of
Raney Nickel from Ni-Al alloys and testing its properties.
2. preparation of
synthetic Zeolites.
3. Preparation of
aluminium isopropoxide and reactions using the same Any one reaction using above (1-3) catalysis is expected.
4. Preparation of
reagent grade chemical - sodium carbonate, sulphuric acid, etc. Solvents etc.
5. Determination
of ‘N’ and ‘P’ nitrogen and phosphorus containing fertilizer respectively by
suitable methods.
6. Determination
of Iron and Calcium from Cement by suitable methods.
7 Determination
of Lead (pb) from Opal Glass by
suitable methods
8. Determination
of Aluminium and Iron in a Bouxite Ore.
9. Determination
of Chromium and Manganese in stainless steel.
10. Separation of
Chromium(VI) and Chromium (III) by TLC in waste water sample from
Electroplating Industry.
11. Qualitative
separation of Aluminium and Iron in Dolomite by Ion Exchange.
12. Extraction in
packed column.
13. Experiments
based on distillation under reduced pressure, fractional and steam
distillation.
14. Experiments
based on Simple and fractional Crystallisation.
15. Isolation of
Nicotine from Tobaco leaves / waste
16. Extraction of
essential Oils from Medicinal Plants ( Tikhadi)
Unit-II
1. Measurement
of flash point, ignition point,pour point, kinematic viscosity by U-tube
method.
2. Measurement
of viscosity by using Red wood viscometer.
3. Determination
of melting point & drop melting point of wax.
4. Determination
of calorific value of fuels.
5. Softening
point of Bitumen.
6. Preparation
of selected pesticide formulations in the form of dusts, emulsions, sprays.
7. Estimation
of endosulfon iodometrically.
8. Estimation
of Copper from — fungicides.
9. Estimation
of sulphur from S, fungicides.
10. Effect
of plant growth regulators on the development of plants & fruits.
11. Determination
of pesticide contents in the soil.
12. Estimation
of carboryl resides in vegetables & fruit.
13. Separation
of insecticides in vegetables by TLC.
14. Estimation
of pesticide resides in food articles.
15. Preparation
of Methyl orange, Methyl red, orange II, Fluorescein, Quinoline, Antraquinone.
16. Dyeing
of the following dyes on cotton - Direct, Azoics, Acid on wool & silk.
17. Quantitative
estimations of dye by chemical & colorimetric methods.
18. Qualitative
analysis of commercial available drugs including chromatographic technique.
19. Quantitative
estimations of important commercially available drugs.
20. Preparation
of simple drugs involving two or three steps.
21. Preparation
of nylon 66.
22. Preparation
of Urea HCHO resin.
23. Preparation
of melamine - HCHO resin.
24. Determination
of number average molecular weight (Mn) by end group analysis by conductometric
method.
25. Determination
of average molecular weight of polymer by viscometric method.
26. Determination
of reducing sugar in cane juice.
27. Analysis
of can sugar juice.
28. Determination
of sugar percentage in molasses / Baggase.
29. Determination
of Moisture content and ash content of the wood sample.
30. Determination
of acid in soluble ligerin in the sample of wood.
31. Analysis
of non fibrous materials used in pulp industries such as
caustic
soda as Na2O, Soda ash as Na2O, lime as CaO.
32. Analysis
of Rosin for ash, acid number and superification number.
List
of Books for Practicals
1. Practical Engg. Chemistry by S.S.Dara
2.
Laboratory preparation of
microchemistry by E.M.M. Effery, McGraw Hill.
3. Practical course in polymer chemistry by
S.J.Pnnea (Pargaman Press)
4. Practical Pharmacognosy by T.B.Willis
5.
Practical Pharmacognosy by
T.N.Vasudevan
6.
Indian Pharmocopea 85, British
Pharmacopoea, 90
7.
Handbook of drugs & cosmatics by
Mehrotra.
8.
Methods of pesticide analysis by
Sree Ramuly U.I.Oxferd & IBH Publishing Co.
9.
Methods of testing for peteroleum
& petroleum products.
IS
1448-1960 part I to part IV published
by ISI New Delhi 1967
10.
IP stands for petroleum & its
products published by Applied Service Publisher Ltd. London 33rd edition 1974.
11.
American Stds. for testing materials
New York 1967.
12.
Textbook of inorganic chemistry by
A.I.Vogel.
13.
Instrumental methods & analysis by
Willard Mertt & Dean.
14.
Industrial chemicals, Faith et.al.
Wiley Interscience, New York.
15.
Text book of practial organic
chemistry by I.C.Voley.
16.
J.K.Sttille: Industrial organic
chemistry.
17.
Unit operation by Kale.
18.
Fisher & Fisher: Reagents for
organic synthesis
19.
A Weishberger : Technique of organic
chemistry Vol. I Parts I-IV.
Distribution of Marks :- The practical examination will be based on the
syllabus for the special branch (Industrial Chemistry)
Time : 14-16 hours (Two days examiantion) Marks : 150
i) Exercise-1 From Unit-I - 35 Marks
ii) Exercise-2 From Unit-II - 35 Marks
iii) Exercise-3 From Unit-III - 30 Marks
iv) Sessional (Including Industrial
visits)- 15 Marks
v) Record - 20 Marks
vi) Viva-Voce - 15 Marks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total - 150 Marks
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
List of Books (M.Sc. -
Chemistry) :
1) Principles
and applications of organo-transition chemistry; J.P.Collman, L.S.Hegsdus,
J.R.Marten and R.G.Finke (University Science Books)
2) The
Organo-metallic chemistry of transition metals : R.H.Crabtree, John Wiley Pub.
3) Metallo-organic
Chemistry : A.J.Pearson, Wiley, Pub.
4) Organometallic
Chemistry, R.C.Mehrotra and A.Singh, New Age International.
5) Modern
Synthetic Reaction, H.O. House, W.A. Benzamin.
6) Some
Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis,
W.Carothers, Cambridge Uni.Press.
7) Advance
Organic Chemistry, Reaction Mechanism and Structure : J.Marsh, J.Wiley.
8) Principles
of Organic Synthesis : R.O.C.Norma and J.M.Coxan : Blackie Academic and
Professional.
9) Advance
Organic Chemistry Part-A & B : F.A.Carey, R.J.Sandberg : Plenum Press.
10) Designing
Organic Synthesis : Stuart Warren, Wiley.
11) Organic
Synthesis : J.Fuhrhop and G.Penzillin, Verlage - VCH.
12) Heterocyclic
Chemistry : Vol. 1, 2, 3 R.R.Gupta, M.Kumar and V.Gupta, Springler-Verlag.
13) Chemistry
of Heterocycles : T. Eicher and S.A. Haiptmann, Thime.
14) Heterocyclic
Chemistry : Jolly, Kelvin and G.H.Smith, Chapman and Hall.
15) Heterocyclic
Chemistry : T.L.Gilchrist, Longman Scientific Technical.
16) Contemporary
Heterocyclic Chemistry : G.R.Newcomb, W.W.Paudler, Wiley Interscience.
17) An
Introduction to Heterocyclic Compounds. R.L.Acheson : John Wiley.
18) Natural
Product Chemistry and Biological Significance, J.Mann, R.S.Davidson,
J.B.Hobbar, D.V.Banthrope and J.D.Harbourn.
19) Organic
Chemistry Vol.2 : I.L.Finar, ELBS.
20) Stereoselective
Synthesis : A practical approach : A.M.Nicgradia VCH.
21) Chemistry
Biological, Pharmacological : Properties of
Medicinal Plants : Kurt Hostettmann, M.P.Gupta, and Marshtone : Harwood
Aca.Publisher.
22) Introduction
to flavonoids : B.A.Bohn, Harward Aca.Publi.
23) New
Trends in Natural Product Chemistry. Ataur Rahman, and M.I.Choudhari., Harwood
Acad.Publ.
24) Introduction
to Medicinal Chemistry : A Gringuag, Wiley,
VCH.
25) Wilson
and Gasold : Text book Organic medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
R.S.Dorge.
26) Introduction
to Drug, Design : S.S.Pande and G.R.Dimmock, New Age International.
27) Bergers
Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Vol.I : M.E.Wolf, John Wiley.
28) Organic
Chemistry of Drug Design and Drug Action : R.B.Silverman : Academic Press.
29) Mechanism
and Theory in Organic Chemistry : T.H.Lowney and K.C.Richardson, Harper and Roud.
30) Physical
Organic Chemistry : N.Issacs ELBS, Longmann.
31) Text Book
of Polymer Science : S.W.Billonayer, J.Wiley.
32) Polymer
Science : V.R.Gowarikar, N.V.Vishwanathan and P.J.Shreedhar, Wiley
Interscience.
33) Contemporary
Polymer Chemistry : H.R.Ancoct, F.W.Lambs : Prentice Hall.
34) Systematic
Identification of Organic Compounds : R.L.Shridhar and B.Y.Cartin.
35) Semimicro
Qualitative Organic Analysis : N.D.Cheronis, J.B.Entrikin and E.M.Hortnett.
36) Experimental
Organic Chemistry : M.P.Doyle, W.S.Mungal.
37) Small
Scale Organic Preparation : P.J.Hill.
38) Stereochemistry
of Organic Compounds : P.S.Kalsi : New Age International.
39) Stereochemistry
of Organic Compounds : D.Narsipuri : New Age International.
40) A
Guidebook of Mechanism of an Organic Chemistry, Peter-Syker : Longman.
41) Organic
Chemistry : R.T.Morrison and R.N.Boyd, Prpentice Hall.
42) Pericyclic
Reactions : S.M.Mukharji : MacMillan India.
43) Analytical
Chemistry : Gary D.Christian : John Wiley & Sons.
44) Modern
Spectroscopy : J.M.Hollas : John Wiley.
45) Applied
Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis :
H.Windawi and F.L.Ho : Wiley Interscience.
46) NMR, NQR,
EPR and Marsbaur Spectroscopy in Inorganic Chemistry; R.B.Parish, Ellis
Harwood.
47) Physical
methods in Chemistry : R.S.Drago, Saunders College.
48) Chemical
Application of Group Theory : F.A.Cotton.
49) Introduction
to Molecular Spectroscopy : G.M.Barrod, McGraw Hill.
50) Basic
Principles of Spectroscopy : R.Chang : McGraw Hill.
51) Theory
and Application of UV spectroscopy, H.H.Joffe and M.Orchin, JBH Oxford.
52) Introduction
to Photoelectron Spectroscopy : P.K.Ghosh, J.Wiley.
53) Introduction
to Magnetic Resonance : A Carrington, and A.D.Machachalan, Harper & Sons.
54) Fundamentals
of Analytical Chemistry : D.A.Skoog, D.M.West and F.J.Hollar, W.B.Saunders.
55) Analytical
Chemistry : Principles : J.H.Kennedy, W.B.Saunders.
56) Analytical
Chemistry : Principles & Technique : L.G.Hargis, Prentice Hall.
57) Principles
of Instrumental Analysis : D.A.Skoog and J.L.Lowry, W.B.Saunders.
58) Qunatitative
Analysis : R.A.Day Jr. and A.L.Onderwood, Prentice Hall.
59) Environmental
Solution Analysis : S.M.Khopkar, Wiley Eastern.
60) Basic
Concepts of Analytical Chemistry : S.M.Khopkar, Wiley Eastern.
61) Handbook
of Instrumental Technique for Analytical Chemistry : F.Settle, Prentice Hall.
62) Spectrometric
Identification of Organic Compound : R.M.Silverstein, G.C.Bassles, T. C.Morill,
J.Wiley.
63) Application
of Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds : J.R.Dyer : Prentice Hall.
64) Essentials
of Molecular Photochemistry : A.Gibbert and J.Baggott : Blackwell Sci.Pubsh.
65) Organic
Photochemistry : J.Coxan and B.Halton Cambridge, Uni.Press.
66) Principles
of Bio-Inorganic Chemistry : S.J.Lippard and J.M.Berg (Uni.Sci.Books)
67) Inorganic
Biochemistry Vol.I and II : G.L.Eicheorn Elsevier.
68) Vogel's
Text Book of Quantitative Analysis : Reviseal : J.Basset, R.C.Denney,
G.H.Jettery and J.Mendham; ELBS.
69) Synthesis
and Characterization of Inorganic Compounds : W.L.Jolly, Prentice Hall.
70) Experiment
and Technique in Organic Chemistry : D.Pasto, C.Johnson and M.Miller : Prentice
Hall.
71) Microscale
and Microscale Organic Experiments :
K.L.Williamson, B.C.Heath.
72) Systematic
Qualitative Organic Analysis : K.H.Middleton and Adward Arnold.
73) Handbook
of Organic Analysis : Qualitative and Quantitative : H.Clarke, Adward Arnold.
74) Vogels
Text of Practical Organic Chemistry : A.R.Tatchell, John Wiley.
75) Practical
Physical Chemistry : A.M.James, and F.E.Prechard, Longman.
76) Findley's
Practical Physical Chemistry : B.P.Levitt, Longman.
77) Experimental
Physical Chemistry : R.C.Dass and B.Behra : TAta McGraw Hill.
78) Solid
State Chemistry and Its applications : A.R.Best, Plennum.
79) Solid State
Chemistry : D.K.Chakravarthy : New Age International.
*****
List
of equipments/appratus required for the
M.Sc.
Chemistry Practicals.
1. Conductivity meter 03
nos./batch
2. pH meter 03
nos./batch
3. Potentiometer 03nos./batch
4. Polariometer 02
nos./batch
5. Centrifuge machine 02
nos./batch
6. Vaccum Pump 01
no./batch
7. Hot air oven 01
no./batch
8. Blower hot & cold 03
nos./batch
9. Stop watch 10
nos./batch
10. Weight box con.100 gm. 10 nos./batch
11. Analytical double pan balance 10
nos./batch
12. One pan electrical balance 10
nos./batch
13. Tripple beam balance 02 nos./batch
14. Melting point apparatus 02
nos./batch
15. Spectro photometer 02
nos./batch
16. Water still 01
no./lab
17. Colorimeter 02
nos./batch
18. Thermostate 01
no./batch
19. Electrodes platinum 03
nos./batch
Silver 03
nos./batch
Glass 03
nos./batch
Reference 03
nos./batch
20. Heating mentle 02
nos./batch
21. Glass double distillation unit 01
no./lab
22. Flamed Photometer 01 no./batch
23. LCR meter 01
no./lab
24. Polarpgraph with recorder 01
no./lab
25. U.V.visible spectrophotometer 1 no./lab
26. Standard cell 02
nos./batch
27. Muffle furnace 01
no./lab
28. D.C.Voltmeter 01
no./lab
29. Infrared lamp 05
nos./lab
30. Refrigerator 01
no./lab
31. Magnetic stirrer 2 ml, 5 ml. 02
nos./batch
32. Dimmer state 01
no./lab
33. Abbe's refractometer 01 no./batch
34. Sodium lamp for polarimeter 02
nos./batch
35. T.L.C. Kit 01
no./lab
36. Calorimeter 01
no./lab
37. Bomb Calorimeter 02
nos./batch
38. BOD analyser 01
no./lab
39. Water analysis kit 01
no./lab
40. Computer-386/486 01
no./lab
41. U.V.Lamp 02
no./lab
42. Ice making machine 01 no./lab
43. LCR bridge 01
no./lab
44. HPLC 01
no./lab
45. Deioniser 01
no./lab
46. Ion exchange column's 04 no./lab
47. Turbidity meter 01
no./lab
48. Optical densitometer 01 no./lab
49. Orsat apparatus (gas analysis) 01 no./lab
50. Interferometer (ultrasound) 01
no./batch
51. Youy's balance 01
no./lab
52. Hydraulic press 01
no./lab
53. Shaking machine 01
no./lab
54. G.M.Counter 01
no./lab
55. Electrophorasis apparatus 01
no./lab
56. Karl-Fisher Titration apparatus 01 no./lab
57. Power supply (regulator) 01
no./batch
58. Regulated furnace 01
no./lab
59. Thermocouple 01
no./lab
60. Vaccum oven 01
no./lab
61. Top pan balance 01
no./lab
etc.,
List of glasswares
(main) for M.Sc. Chemistry Practicals
1. Soxhlet set 02
nos./batch
2. Kjeldahl's apparatus set 02
nos./batch
(for Nitrogen element estimation)
3. Distillation unit 04
nos./batch
4. Separating funnel 10
no./batch
5. Steam distillation unit 02
nos./batch
6. Vaccum desicator 01
no./batch
7. Paper chromatography chamber 03 nos./batch
8. Silica crucibles 20 nos./batch
9. Sintered glass crucibles g4/g5 20
nos./batch
10. Spot test plates 10
nos./batch
11. Wash bottles 10
nos./batch
12. Density bottles 10 nos./batch
13. Viscometer 10
nos./batch
14. Kipp's apparatus 10
nos./batch
15. Beakers, capacity :50 ml, 100 ml, 250 ml, 400
ml, 500 ml, 1000ml,
16. Conical flask : 100 ml, 250 ml.
17. Burettes with stop cock, capacity : 2ml, 5
ml, 10ml, 25 ml.
18. Lambda pipette 02
nos./batch
19. Voumetric flasks, capacity : 10 ml, 25 ml, 50
ml, 100 ml, 250 ml, 500 ml, 1000ml.
20. Measuring cylinder, capacity : 10 ml, 25 ml,
50 ml, 100 ml, 500 ml, 1000 ml
21. Pipette, capacity : 1 ml, 2 ml, 5 ml, 10 ml,
25 ml.
22. Stalagnometer 10
nos./batch
23. Thermometer (b-24) 0 to 3600C (quick
fit) 05 nos./batch
24. Water suction pump (glass) 05
nos./batch
25. Filtration flasks with buckner funnels 50 ml 10 nos./batch
100ml 10 nos./batch
250ml 10 nos./batch
500ml 10 nos./batch
26. Quick fit stand joints b-14, b-19, b24
27. China dishes 10
nos./batch
28. Dessicators 10
nos./batch
29. Thiel's tube for melting point 05
nos./batch
30. Quick fit water condensors b-19, b-24 10 nos./batch
31. Quick fit flasks, Capacity 50 ml, 100 ml,
250 ml, 500 ml, 1000 ml. 10
nos./batch
_________________________________________________